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The important directories in the Digital UNIX standard hierarchy are shown in Figure A-1 and Figure A-2. Not all of the directories in the entire hierarchy are shown; the directories that are illustrated are the ones that you should use to ensure that your product is portable to other systems. Some of the illustrated directories are actually symbolic links.
Table A-1
describes the contents and purpose of the directories shown in
Figure A-1.
| Directory | Description |
| / | The root directory of the file system |
| /dev/ | Block and character device files |
| /etc/ | System configuration files and databases; nonexecutable files |
| nls/ | National language support databases |
| /lost+found/ | Files located by fsck |
| /opt/ | Optional application packages such as layered products |
| /sbin/ |
Commands essential to boot the system
Most of these commands depend on shared libraries or the loader and have other versions in /usr/bin or /usr/sbin. |
| init.d/ | System state rc files |
| rc0.d/ | The rc files executed for system-state 0 |
| rc2.d/ | The rc files executed for system-state 2 |
| rc3.d/ | The rc files executed for system-state 3 |
| /subsys/ | Loadable kernel modules required in single-user mode |
| /tmp/ | System-generated temporary files, usually not preserved across a system reboot. |
| /usr/ | Most user utilities and applications |
| bin/ | Common utilities and applications |
| ccs/ | C compilation system; tools and libraries used to generate C programs |
| bin/ | Development binaries such as cc, ld, and make |
| lib/ | Development libraries and back ends |
| include/ | Program header (include) files; not all subdirectories are listed below |
| mach/ | Mach-specific C include files |
| machine/ | Machine-specific C include files |
| net/ | Miscellaneous network C include files |
| netinet/ | C include files for Internet standard protocols |
| netns/ | C include files for XNS standard protocols |
| nfs/ | C include files for Network File System |
| protocols/ | C include files for Berkeley service protocols |
| rpc/ | C include files for remote procedure calls |
| servers/ | C include files for servers |
| sys/ | System C include files (kernel data structures) |
| tli/ | C include files for Transport Layer Interface |
| ufs/ | C include files for UNIX File System |
| lbin/ | Back-end executable files |
| spell/ | Spell back-end |
| uucp/ | UNIX-to-UNIX Copy (UUCP) programs |
| lib/ | Consists entirely of links to libraries located elsewhere (/usr/ccs/lib), (/usr/libin), (/usr/share/lib), (/X11/lib); included for compatibility |
| opt/ | Optional application packages such as layered products |
| sbin/ | System administration utilities and system utilities |
| share/ | Architecture-independent ASCII text files |
| dict/ | Word lists |
| lib/ | Various libraries |
| me/ | Macros for use with the me macro package |
| ms/ | Macros for use with the ms macro package |
| tabset/ | Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in /etc/termcap |
| terminfo/ | Terminal information database |
| tmac/ | Text processing macros |
| man/ | Online reference pages |
| man1/ | Source for user command reference pages |
| man2/ | Source for system call reference pages |
| man3/ | Source for library routine reference pages |
| man4/ | Source for file format reference pages |
| man5/ | Source for miscellaneous reference pages |
| man7/ | Source for device reference pages |
| man8/ | Source for administrator command reference pages |
| cat1-cat8 | Formatted versions of files in man1 - man8 |
| shlib/ | Binary loadable shared libraries; shared versions of libraries in /usr/ccs/lib |
| sys/ | System configuration files |
| BINARY | Object files |
| conf/ | Kernel configuration control files |
| include/ | Header files |
| /var/ | Multipurpose log, temporary, varying, and spool files |
| adm/ | Common administrative files and databases |
| crash/ | For saving kernel crash dumps |
| cron/ | Files used by cron |
| sendmail/ | Configuration and database files for sendmail |
| syslog/ | Files generated by syslog |
| opt/ | Optional application packages such as layered products |
| run/ | Files created when daemons are running |
| spool/ | Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories |
| lpd/ | Line printer spooling directories |
| mail/ | Incoming mail messages |
| mqueue/ | Undelivered mail queue |
| uucp/ | UUCP spool directory |
| tmp/ | Application-generated temporary files that are kept between system reboots |
| subsys/ | Loadable kernel modules required in multi-user mode |
| /vmunix | Pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory at boot time) |
Table A-2
describes the contents and purpose of the directories shown in
Figure A-2.
| Directory | Description |
| /usr/ | Most user utilities and applications |
| bin/ | Common utilities and applications |
| X11/ | X applications |
| demos/ | Miscellaneous demo programs |
| examples/ | Example programs |
| dxpaint/ | Sample Paint image |
| motif/ | Motif example programs |
| include/ | Header files |
| DPS/ | Files for DPS |
| DXm/ | Files for libDXm |
| Mrm/ | Files for libMrm |
| uil/ | UIL header files |
| X11/ | X C header files |
| bitmaps/ | X bitmaps |
| extensions/ | Header files for use with X extensions |
| Xaw/ | Files for libXaw |
| Xserver/ | Header files used for loadable X server libraries |
| Xm/ | Header files for libXm |
| lib/ | Static archive X libraries |
| cda/ | CDA style guides |
| dxbook/ | Default Bookreader bookshelf |
| emacs/ | Emacs directory base |
| X11 | |
| app-defaults/ | System-wide resource files for X client applications |
| config/ | Imake config files |
| DPS/ | Display Postscript files |
| fonts/ | Font files |
| 100dpi/ | 100 dpi fonts from X Consortium |
| 75dpi/ | 75 dpi fonts from X Consortium |
| decwin/ | DECwindows fonts |
| 100dpi/ | 100 dpi fonts |
| 75dpi/ | 75 dpi fonts |
| misc/ | Fonts from X Consortium |
| Speedo/ | Speedo scalable fonts |
| Type1/ | Type1 scalable fonts |
| Type1Adobe/ | Adobe Type1 scalable fonts |
| afm/ | Adobe font metrics |
| user | Fonts from layered products and local installations |
| 100dpi/ | 100 dpi fonts |
| 75dpi/ | 75 dpi fonts |
| misc/ | Other fonts |
| fs/ | Fontserver config and error log files |
| help/ | Help files for X client applications; subdirectories as applicable |
| keymaps/ | Keymaps for various keyboards |
| twm/ | Default configuration for twm window manager |
| uid/ | User Interface Definitions for X client applications |
| x11perfcomp/ | Scripts for analyzing x11perf output |
| xdm/ | X Display Manager configuration and resource files, and error log |
| bitmaps/ | Program-specific bitmaps |
| appdata/ | Generic program-specific data |
| shlib/ | Shareable libraries |
| X11/ | Shareable libraries loaded by X server |