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deckanji(5)
NAME
deckanji - A character encoding system (codeset) for Japanese
DESCRIPTION
The DEC Kanji codeset consists of the following characters:
· ASCII or JIS X0201 Roman letters
· Katakana characters specified by JIS X0201
· JIS X0208 characters
· User-defined characters (UDC)
DEC Kanji uses a combination of single-byte data and 2-byte data to
represent these characters.
JIS X0201 is a single-byte character set and consists of Roman letters and
Katakana characters, which are Japanese phonetic symbols. The Roman letters
defined in the JIS X0201-1976 standard are the same as ASCII letters. (For
information on the ASCII character set, see ascii(5).) However, JIS X0201
replaces the ASCII tilde (~) character with a horizontal bar (located at
the upper part of a character cell), and replaces the backslash (\) with
the Japanese currency sign (Yen).
The JIS XO208 standard specifies 2-byte character values that represent a
variety of characters, including ideographic symbols.
DEC Kanji Encoding
All ASCII characters are represented by single-byte 7-bit values in DEC
Kanji. That is, the most significant bit (MSB) is always set off in the
byte that represents an ASCII character. The Roman letters and the Katakana
characters specified by JIS X0201 are also single-byte values, in which the
most significant bit (MSB) is set off and on, respectively. Some
applications and vendors assume Roman characters for the lower 7-bit
values, while others assume ASCII. However, for Unicode conversion on Tru64
UNIX, the Japanese_UCS converters (deckanji, sdeckanji, SJIS, and eucJP)
consider the lower 7-bit values to be ASCII.
The code table for JIS X0208 characters is divided into 94 rows, numbered
from 1 to 94. Each row has 94 columns, also numbered from 1 to 94. JIS
X0208 defines a total of 6877 characters, which include the following:
· Special symbols, in rows 1 and 2
· Numerals and Roman letters, in row 3
· Hiragana characters, in row 4
· Katakana characters, in row 5
· Greek letters, in row 6
· Russian letters, in row 7
· Symbols for drawing graphs, diagrams, and lines, in row 8
· First-level Kanji characters, in rows 16 to 47
· Second-level Kanji characters, in rows 48 to 84
To comply with the JIS X0208 standard, each JIS X0208 character is a 2-byte
value in the DEC Kanji codeset. The MSB of both the first and second bytes
is always set on to distinguish JIS X0208 characters from ASCII/JIS Roman
or user-defined characters.
For each JIS X0208 character, the first byte of the 2-byte value determines
the row number and the second determines the column number in the JIS X0208
code table. The following formula shows the code value for a JIS X0208
character in relation to its row and column numbers:
1st byte = A0 + Row number
2nd byte = A0 + Column number
For example, if a character is positioned at the first column of the 36th
row, its code value is C4A1, which is calculated as follows:
1st byte = A0 (hex) + 36 = C4 (hex)
2nd byte = A0 (hex) + 01 = A1 (hex)
For user-defined character (UDC) definitions, DEC Kanji provides an area of
2914 positions (from row 1 to row 31). Each UDC is represented by a 2-byte
value, just like a JIS X0208 character value. However, the MSB of the
second byte of a UDC is set off to distinguish it from a JIS X0208
character. The code range of the UDC area is A121 to BF7E.
The following formula calculates the code of a UDC in relation to its row
and column numbers:
1st byte = A0 + Row number
2nd byte = 20 + Column number
For example, if a UDC is positioned at the first column of the 16th row,
its code value is B021, which is calculated as follows:
1st byte = A0 (hex) + 16 = B0 (hex)
2nd byte = 20 (hex) + 01 = 21 (hex)
Codeset Conversion
The following codeset converter pairs are available for converting Japanese
characters between deckanji and other encoding formats. See iconv_intro(5)
for an introduction to codeset conversion. For more information about the
other codeset for which deckanji is the input or output, see the reference
page specified in the list item.
· eucJP_deckanji, deckanji_eucJP
Converting from and to Japanese Extended UNIX Code: eucJP(5).
· iso-2022-jp_deckanji, deckanji_iso-2022-jp
Converting from and to the ISO 2022-JP codeset: iso2022jp(5).
· iso-2022-jpext_deckanji, deckanji_iso-2022-jpext
Converting from and to the ISO 2022-JPexp codeset: iso2022jp(5).
· JIS7_deckanji, deckanji_JIS7
Converting from and to the JIS7 codeset: jiskanji(5).
· sdeckanji_deckanji, deckanji_sdeckanji
Converting from and to the Super DEC Kanji codeset: sdeckanji(5).
· SJIS_deckanji, deckanji_SJIS
Converting from and to the Shift JIS codeset: shiftjis(5).
Shift JIS encoding is equivalent to the Microsoft code-page format
used on PCs for Japanese. Therefore, you can use these converters to
convert data between DEC Kanji and PC code-page format. See
code_page(5) for information on PC code pages.
· UTF-16_deckanji, deckanji_UTF-16
Converting from and to UTF-16 format: Unicode(5).
· UCS-4_deckanji, deckanji_UCS-4
Converting from and to UCS-4 format: Unicode(5).
· UTF-8_deckanji, deckanji_UTF-8
Converting from and to UTF-8 format: Unicode(5).
Japanese Fonts
The operating system provides the following Japanese bitmap fonts in
various sizes and typefaces for 75dpi and 100dpi (dot-per-inch) display
devices:
· JIS X0201-1976 characters (Gothic family):
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--8-80-75-75-m-40-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--14-140-75-75-m-70-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-m-60-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-m-120-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-m-50-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-m-90-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--17-120-100-100-m-85-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--34-240-100-100-m-170-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--14-100-100-100-m-70-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--25-180-100-100-m-125-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--20-140-100-100-m-100-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--11-80-100-100-m-55-jisx0201.1976-0
· JIS X0201-1976 characters (Kmenu family)
-jdecw-kmenu-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-p-70-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-kmenu-medium-r-normal--17-120-100-100-p-85-jisx0201.1976-0
· JIS X0201-1976 characters (Mincho family)
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--8-80-75-75-m-40-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--14-140-75-75-m-70-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-m-120-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-m-50-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-m-90-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--17-120-100-100-m-85-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--34-240-100-100-m-170-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--14-100-100-100-m-70-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--25-180-100-100-m-125-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--20-140-100-100-m-100-jisx0201.1976-0
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--11-80-100-100-m-55-jisx0201.1976-0
· JIS X0201-1976 characters (Screen family)
-jdecw-screen-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-m-120-jisx0201-romankana
-jdecw-screen-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-m-80-jisx0201-romankana
-jdecw-screen-medium-r-normal--14-140-75-75-m-70-jisx0201-romankana
-jdecw-screen-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-m-50-jisx0201-romankana
· JIS X0208 characters (Gothic family)
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--14-140-75-75-m-140-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-m-120-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-m-240-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-m-100-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-m-180-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--8-80-75-75-m-80-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--17-120-100-100-m-170-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--34-240-100-100-m-340-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--14-100-100-100-m-140-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--25-180-100-100-m-250-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--20-140-100-100-m-200-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--11-80-100-100-m-110-jisx0208.1983-1
· JIS X0208 characters (Mincho family)
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--14-140-75-75-m-140-jisx0208.1983-1
jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-m-120-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-m-240-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-m-100-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-m-180-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--8-80-75-75-m-80-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--17-120-100-100-m-170-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--34-240-100-100-m-340-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--14-100-100-100-m-140-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--25-180-100-100-m-250-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--20-140-100-100-m-200-jisx0208.1983-1
-jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--11-80-100-100-m-110-jisx0208.1983-1
· JIS X0208 characters (Screen family)
-jdecw-screen-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-m-240-jisx0208-kanji00
-jdecw-screen-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-m-100-jisx0208-kanji00
-jdecw-screen-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-m-160-jisx0208-kanji00
-jdecw-screen-medium-r-normal--16-160-75-75-m-160-jisx0208-kanji00
-jdecw-screen-medium-r-normal--14-140-75-75-m-140-jisx0208-kanji00
-jdecw-screen-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-m-240-jisx0208-kanji11
-jdecw-screen-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-m-100-jisx0208-kanji11
-jdecw-screen-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-m-160-jisx0208-kanji11
-jdecw-screen-medium-r-normal--14-140-75-75-m-140-jisx0208-kanji11
For printers, the operating system provides only Japanese fonts that are
printer-resident; that is, there are no Japanese fonts that can be
dynamically downloaded to the printer. See i18n_printing(5) for general
information on printing non-English text.
SEE ALSO
Commands: locale(1)
Others: ascii(5), code_page(5), eucJP(5), i18n_intro(5), i18n_printing(5),
iconv_intro(5), iso2022jp(5), Japanese(5), jiskanji(5), sdeckanji(5),
shiftjis(5), Unicode(5)
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Index for
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Alphabetical
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