1    Introduction to Tru64 UNIX

This chapter introduces the Tru64 UNIX operating system and provides a description of its features. Many of the components listed in this chapter are described in more detail in later chapters. The following topics are discussed:

• The major features of the operating system, its history from its OSF/1 genesis, and a summary of the standards to which it conforms (Section 1.1)

• Product features and enhancements that support Enterprise applications, high performance technical computing, business intelligence, and Internet communications (Section 1.2)

• Optional components that can help meet your computing needs (Section 1.3)

• The components of the operating system and how they are packaged (Section 1.4)

1.1    Overview

The Tru64 UNIX operating system delivers many features that raise it to the highest level of performance, scalability, and availability, yet make it simple to manage and operate. For users seeking to expand their information technology capabilities while increasing performance and maintaining the highest level of availability, Compaq offers the best industry UNIX solution.

Compaq Tru64 UNIX is the most time-tested 64-bit UNIX operating system you can buy. It brings new strengths, with features that:

• Dramatically simplify system management by offering a choice of management interfaces

• Substantially reduce the complexity of installation, setup, and management

• Reduce the total cost of ownership by offering familiar interfaces, utilities with a common look and feel, and automation -- thereby minimizing the need for training

• Grow to multiple terabyte configurations, giving users the flexibility to satisfy their growing business needs

• Increase performance in file system, storage management, and system networking

• Deliver very high integration between UNIX and Windows NT

• Fill users' highest availability needs with the addition of Compaq TruCluster Server Software.

1.1.1    Product History

Tru64 UNIX is the Compaq implementation of the Open Software Foundation Version 1.0 and Version 1.2 technology and the Motif Version 1.2.5 graphical user interface and programming environment. In addition, Tru64 UNIX supports the full features of the X Window System, Version 11, Release 6.3 (X11R6.3).

The Tru64 UNIX operating system is a multiuser/multitasking, 64-bit, advanced kernel architecture based on Carnegie Mellon University's Mach Version 2.5 kernel design with components from Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) Versions 4.3 and 4.4, UNIX System Laboratories System V Release 4.0, other software sources, the public domain, and Compaq Computer Corporation.

Earlier versions of Tru64 UNIX were known as DIGITAL UNIX. It began its existence with the name DEC OSF/1.

1.1.2    Product Description

Tru64 UNIX is supported on all Alpha servers and workstations with 64 MB of memory.

The operating system incorporates several performance enhancements either developed or extended by Compaq, including wired memory, virtual memory, and Unified Buffer Cache; UNIX File System file block clustering and cached writes over NFS; IPv4 multicasting, path MTU discovery, and optimized TCP/IP; and quick-started shared libraries.

With Tru64 UNIX you have a clear and concise system administration environment (including graphics, Web-based, and character-cell) that:

• Simplifies your system administration tasks

• Enables an update installation that does not overwrite system files, or performs a full installation that quickly gets your system up and running

• Supports loadable drivers and other kernel subsystems, including loadable boot-path support for third-party disks and graphics cards

• Provides virtually automatic management of peripheral SCSI storage devices, such as disks, tapes, and CD-ROMs

Tru64 UNIX supports the Common Desktop Environment (CDE) as the default user interface. CDE provides a uniform graphical user interface, portable across multiple platforms, to facilitate common end-user and system administration tasks.

Tru64 UNIX provides real-time support and symmetric multiprocessing (SMP), dataless servers and clients, and numerous features to assist application programmers in developing applications that use shared libraries, threads, and memory-mapped files. It is fully compliant to the Single UNIX Specification, to the X/Open UNIX brand, to POSIX 1003.1b (real time) and to POSIX 1003.1c (with POSIX Threads -- formerly called DECthreads).

1.1.3    Standards

To ensure a high level of compatibility with the Compaq ULTRIX operating system, the Tru64 UNIX operating system is compatible with the Berkeley 4.3 and System V programming interfaces and, by complying with the System V Interface Definition (SVID3 Base and Kernel Extensions), Tru64 UNIX supports System V applications as well.

Part of the charter of The Open Group (formerly The Open Software Foundation) was to provide an interface for developing portable applications that would run on a variety of hardware platforms. Tru64 UNIX is compliant with the OSF Application Environment Specification (AES) that specifies the interface to support these portable applications. In addition, the Tru64 UNIX operating system complies with standards and industry specifications, including FIPS, POSIX, X/Open, XTI, and AT&T System V Interface Definition (SVID).

See Appendix A and the Software Product Description (SPD) for a list of standards that Tru64 UNIX supports.

1.2    Product Features and Enhancements

Tru64 UNIX offers an array of significant features and enhancements to support Enterprise applications, high performance technical computing, business intelligence, and Internet communications. Most of these features are incorporated into the base operating system, while others are incorporated into the optional components and separately licensed products packaged on the Tru64 UNIX Associated Products CD-ROMs. (See Section 1.4 for information about the Tru64 UNIX media kit.)

1.2.1    Scalability Features

Tru64 UNIX provides a host of scalability features. The following list describes several features that have been added since the Version 5.0 release:

• Support for the AlphaServer GS series

  Tru64 UNIX Version 5.1 supports the new AlphaServer GS series, which includes AlphaServer GS80, AlphaServer GS160, and AlphaServer GS320 systems. These systems are highly reliable, highly available, and highly scalable to provide unparalleled computing power.

  The AlphaServer GS series of computers enables you to quickly scale from 1 to 32 CPUs with up to 256 GB of memory and to run multiple instances of different operating systems.

• Support for Compaq Capacity on Demand

  The Compaq Capacity on Demand (CCoD) program lets you order a system with added CPUs for expansion, then pay for the extra capacity later when you need it. Because the CPUs are already loaded, you can activate them without rebooting your system.

  The Version 5.1 release supports CCoD, which is available to AlphaServer GS60E or GS140 customers who are purchasing new systems, adding new Alpha EV67 CPUs, or upgrading to Alpha EV67 (E2067-DA) 6/700 CPUs.

  This program is also available to the installed base 8200/8400 and GS60E customers who are planning to upgrade their systems to EV67 technology.

  CCoD kits are available on a CD-ROM and from the World Wide Web. You can find additional information and download the CCoD kit from the following Web site:

  http://www.compaq.com/alphaserver/cod

• More CPUs

  Enhanced scaling allows for the addition of more CPUs in SMP systems. Additionally, several design improvements allow increased CPU scaling for future systems.

• Very large memory (VLM)

  Memory utilization to 28 GB provides more efficient use of memory in VLM configurations.

• Large file and storage capacities

  Tru64 UNIX supports file and storage systems of 4 TB or larger.

• Device support

  • SCSI-3 standard support allows up to 256 target and LUN addresses per SCSI bus and supports dual pathing (alternate path to a device).

  • The device naming model provides a flexible framework that allows more than 256 device names per SCSI bus. This model supports SCSI-3 and Fibre Channel.

  • Tru64 UNIX supports Fibre Channel-switched connections and multiple concurrent paths (64) with adaptive load balancing. Both SCSI-2 and SCSI-3 commands are supported.

• Dynamic Tuning

  Most tuning can be done at run time without rebooting the system.

1.2.2    Features of the Installation Processes

You can install Tru64 UNIX in several ways, using various utilities to help make the process as simple as possible. The following list describes the installation processes available to you; each is described in more detail in Section 2.1.

• Full Installation

  Installs a new operating system. A Full Installation creates new file systems and swap space and overwrites existing system and user-created files on the disk partitions where the file systems and swap spaces are to be installed. After the installation, you configure the system for general use. (See Section 2.1.1.)

• Update Installation

  Updates a system running Version 4.0G or Version 5.0A to Version 5.1. This type of installation preserves disk partitions, file systems, file customizations, network and print environment, user accounts, user created files, and any other system setup you may have done on the system. (See Section 2.1.2.)

• Installation Cloning

  Lets you replicate the Full Installation from a model system that is already installed with Version 5.1 onto one or more systems with the same or similar hardware configuration. Installation Cloning is ideal for environments in which there are many systems of the same type to be installed. Cloning produces identical system installations and eliminates the need to go through the Full Installation tasks at each system. (See Section 2.1.3.)

• Configuration Cloning

  Lets you replicate the network and print environment from an already configured system during a Full Installation. (See Section 2.1.4.)

• Rolling Upgrade

  In cluster environments, the TruCluster Server software now supports the Rolling Upgrade procedure, which is a software upgrade of a cluster that is performed while the cluster is in operation. Clients accessing services are not aware that a rolling upgrade is in progress. (See Section 2.1.5.)

1.2.3    System and Network Management Features

Tru64 UNIX has a rich collection of features and provides many applications to help you easily set up, configure, and tune your system, and to simplify your daily maintenance, and adminstration tasks.

The following list highlights several system and network management features that were introduced or enhanced since Version 5.0. Chapter 2 provides more detailed information on many of these features.

• Memory trolling

  Memory trolling is a process of reading the system's memory to proactively discover and handle memory errors. Tru64 UNIX Version 5.1 supports memory trolling on AlphaServers GS80, GS160, and GS320 systems.

  A new tuning attribute introduced in this release, vm_troll_percent, enables you to manage memory trolling. This parameter is part of the kernel's VM subsystem. You can use the vm_troll_percent attribute to enable, disable, and tune the trolling rate. You can change the rate at any time. (See the System Administration for more information about memory trolling.)

• Managing tasks with SysMan Menu

  The SysMan Menu provides a framework for organizing various system management tasks. Each task represents a small application that is launched from the SysMan Menu.

  SysMan Menu can be run in CDE, HTML, or ASCII text environments. Thus, all the tasks on this menu can be performed from an X11 capable display, a personal computer running Microsoft Windows products, Linux, or the Macintosh Operating System, or from a character cell terminal. (See Section 2.4.1 for more information about SysMan Menu.)

• Managing tasks with SysMan Station

  The SysMan Station provides a graphic representation of the Tru64 UNIX system and enables you to manage it remotely from a personal computer. This Java utility is fully integrated with the TruCluster Server software; it allows for remote management from any computer. (See Section 2.4.2 for more information about SysMan Station.)

• Configuring your system with Quick Setup

  Quick Setup provides a fast, user-friendly way to set up your system with the basic system configuration. The resulting system can be used "as is" or you can customize it with settings accessible in the full-featured configuration application. On a character cell system, the Quick Setup application is available from the System Setup menu with the /usr/sbin/setup command. (See Section 2.2 for more information about Quick Setup.)

• Getting on the network with the Network Setup Wizard

  The Network Setup Wizard guides you through the process of adding a system to a network. The wizard steps you through the applications in a recommended order and provides information to help you determine which applications are applicable to each situation. (See the Network Administration guide and the SysMan Menu online help for information on the Network Setup Wizard.)

• Monitoring node states with Performance Manager

  The Performance Manager provides utilities for detecting and correcting real-time performance problems. With the Version 5.1 release, the Performance Manager agent (pmgrd) ships on the base operating system CD-ROM as an SNMP subagent. The agent installs with the snmpd daemon and is started automatically with the SNMP agent. (See Section 2.5.3 for more information about Performance Manager.)

• Optimizing code with spike

  A new tool in the Version 5.1 release, spike, enables you to perform code optimization after linking. It is a replacement for om and does similar optimizations. Because it can operate on an entire program, spike can do optimizations that cannot be done by the compiler. (See the Release Notes and the spike(1) reference page for more information about spike.)

• Analyzing and managing events

  • Compaq Analyze

    Compaq Analyze helps you analyze events stored in the system's event log file. This graphical interface is a rules-based, hardware fault-management diagnostic utility that enables you to set program and configuration parameters and to review event information. (See Section 2.5.2 for more information about Compaq Analyze.)

  • EVM event manager

    The EVM event manager provides a single point of focus for the multiple channels (such as log files) through which system components report event and status information. (See Section 2.5.8 for more information about Event Manager.)

  • DECevent

    The DECevent event management utility provides error reporting and binary-to-text translation capabilities. DECevent provides system-directed diagnostic capability for various platforms. (See Section 2.5.9 for more information about DECevent.)

• Monitoring systems with Compaq Insight Manager

  Compaq Insight Manager provides a Web-based environment from which you can monitor supported systems using Web-Based Enterprise Services (WEBES). Compaq Insight Manager provides a consistent wrapper for SysMan and other Tru64 UNIX utilities. (See Section 2.5.1 for more information about Compaq Insight Manager.)

• Other utilities of note

  Most of the following utilities are described in the System Administration guide.

  • Hardware management (hwmgr)

    The hwmgr utility utility helps you to manage hardware components, including disk and tape drives, processors, and buses. (See Section 2.6 for more information about hwmgr.)

  • Environmental Monitoring

    The envconfig utility in conjunction with other components monitor the thermal, fan, and redundant power supply state of AlphaServer systems with prerequisite hardware sensor support. (See Section 2.5.7 for more information on environmental monitoring.)

  • Analyzing system parameters (sys_check)

    The sys_check utility outputs the configuration, hardware and software, of the running system and displays the information in HTML format. It also performs a basic analysis of operating system parameters and attributes and provides warnings if it detects problems.

  • Class Scheduler

    The Class Scheduler provides a convenient way to prioritize tasks.

  • Kernel Tuner

    The Kernel Tuner lets you display and change parameters of the kernel subsystem. (See Section 5.1.1 for more information.)

  • Process Tuner

    The Process Tuner lets you display, monitor, and manage system processes. It provides sort and filter options to help manage the display of the information.

  • Division of Privileges

    The Division of Privileges utility enables administrators to grant users or groups access to privileged programs without the root password. All privileged system management applications can be launched from the SysMan Menu, the SysMan Station, the desktop's Application Manager, the Custom Setup checklist, or the command line. For more information, see the Security guide.

• Bootable tape

  The bootable tape feature gives you the ability to create and recover a disk image from a system. In the Version 5.1 release, the bootable tape utility (btcreate) has been upgraded to support the Logical Storage Manager (LSM).

1.2.4    UNIX and Microsoft Windows Interoperability

Tru64 UNIX provides a number of capabilities and products to simplify the development, deployment, and management of solutions in a mixed UNIX and Microsoft Windows environment. These capabilities help solve integration problems across a number of functional areas. See Chapter 7 for details.

Windows 2000 Single Sign-On software gives Windows 2000 users the capability of logging in to a Tru64 UNIX system using their Windows 2000 user names and passwords. See Section 7.3 for more information about this optional component.

1.2.5    Advanced Printing Software

The Advanced Printing Software, introduced in the Version 5.0 release and subsequently upgraded, is a printing system for Tru64 UNIX developed in collaboration with Xerox and based on the PrintXchange technology from Xerox. The Advanced Printing Software is a distributed client/server printing system for workgroup and enterprise environments. Based on the ISO 10175 Document Printing Application and POSIX 1384.7, the Advanced Printing Software uses inbound and outbound gateways to move print jobs to or from the lpr and lpd print subsystems.

With the Version 5.1 release, the Advanced Printing Software does the following:

• Lets you configure spoolers and supervisors as highly available applications in a TruCluster Server environment

• Supports Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) as a name service. LDAP offers an advantage over NIS by dynamically updating the name space when print objects are created or deleted

• Includes support for several additional Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, and Lexmark printers

See the Advanced Printing Software Release Notes and the Advanced Printing Software User Guide for more information.

1.2.6    System V Support

The System V habitat consists of alternate versions of commands, subroutines, and system calls that support the source code interfaces and run-time behavior for all components of the Base System and Kernel Extensions as defined in the System V Interface Definition (SVID). Using the System V habitat lets you override the default system commands and functions with corresponding System V commands and functions (system calls and subroutines). The Tru64 UNIX System V habitat supports all SVID 2 and SVID 3 functions.

With the Version 5.1 release, support for System V has been extended in the areas of commands and library functions, as well as the following:

• Support for a number of new tools, most notably the sar and truss utilities

• Support for System V shared memory segments greater than 2 GB, as defined by the UNIX 98 branding standard

For information about the System V habitat, see the Command and Shell User's Guide.

1.2.7    Documentation

The Tru64 UNIX documentation gives you the information you need in the format that is most convenient for you. For complete information about the Tru64 UNIX documentation, including changes made in the Version 5.1 release, see the Documentation Overview. The following list describes some of the features of the Tru64 UNIX documentation:

• Most of the documentation is available in HTML format for viewing with a Web browser, in PDF format for viewing and printing with the Adobe Acrobat Reader, and in printed books.

  When viewing the books with a browser, references to other documentation -- including the reference pages -- are linked, so that a click of your mouse will take you there.

  With your browser's print option, you can easily print the sections you want, or you can cut and paste sections to create your own documentation to better help you perform specific tasks. With Acrobat Reader, you can print sections, chapters, or entire books with an almost type-set quality.

• The Documentation CD-ROM, which contains HTML and PDF versions of Tru64 UNIX books, white papers, and the complete set of operating system reference pages, can be used on a Tru64 UNIX system, as well as on a Windows PC or Macintosh -- laptop or workstation -- or on any other system that uses the ISO 9660 Level 1 CD-ROM standard. This CD-ROM also provides versions of Adobe Acrobat Reader for many operating systems.

  To help you locate specific information in the documentation, the CD-ROM contains a copy of the AltaVista Search CD-ROM software with a complete index of the HTML documents. The AltaVista software runs on an x86-based PC with Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, or Windows NT Version 4.0.

  Beginning with the Version 5.1 release, you can search the Master Index using a keyword search. The Master Index listing of the Online Documentation Library provides the access to the search utility. When you type the word or phrase you want to find, the search utility searches all Master Index entries for matches and then displays the results. When you click on an entry in the search results, the target book opens in its own window -- in most cases to the place in the text that is indicated by the entry. Figure 1-1 shows the results of a search for the text string "bsd."

  Figure 1-1:  Master Index Search Display

  

• Printed versions of the Tru64 UNIX core documentation are available in the separately orderable Tru64 UNIX Documentation Kit and in individual subkits. See the Documentation Overview for a description of those kits.

  The books in the Startup Documentation Kit are included in the Tru64 UNIX media kit. See Section 1.4.1 for a list of those books.

• On the Web, you can find the current documentation set, as well as sets for Tru64 UNIX versions dating back to Version 3.0. Books for recent versions are available in HTML and PDF formats, while books for earlier versions are available only in PostScript format. To view this documentation, point your Web browser to the following URL:

  http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/faqs/publications/pub_page/pubs_page.html
  

  The Web site also gives you access to the Tru64 UNIX reference pages, as well as to the following documentation:

  • Tru64 UNIX Best Practices documentation

  • Tru64 UNIX Device Driver documentation library

  • TruCluster Server documentation (including the TruCluster reference pages)

  • Advanced Server for UNIX documentation

  • Open Source Internet Solutions for Tru64 UNIX documentation

• Best Practices documentation offers a recommended method for performing a task, rather than presenting all available options. The documentation walks you step-by-step through the process.

• The online help for SysMan and its associated applications is robust and task oriented to help you find the information you need to complete a given goal. Online help has been developed to support new applications.

1.3    Optional Components

You can purchase a wide variety of software products from Compaq and many other companies to run on the Tru64 UNIX operating system.

Most of the separately licensed products described in the following sections are included with the Tru64 UNIX media kit. See the Software Product Description for additional information on any or all of these optional software packages.

1.3.1    TruCluster Server

TruCluster Server Version 5.1 is a highly integrated synthesis of Tru64 UNIX software, AlphaServer systems, and storage devices that operate as a single system. A TruCluster Server cluster acts as a single virtual system, even though it is made up of multiple systems. Members of the cluster can share resources, data storage, and cluster-wide file systems under a single security and management domain, yet they can be booted or shut down independently without disrupting the cluster.

A TruCluster Server environment can be as simple or as feature rich as you want. You configure a cluster that fits your needs, from a two-node cluster up to an eight-node cluster running high availability applications, such as the following:

• Transaction processing systems

• Servers for network client/server applications

• Data-sharing applications that require maximum uptime

• Distributed parallel processing applications that take full advantage of the TruCluster Server application programming interfaces (APIs)

TruCluster Server includes a cluster alias for the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) so that a cluster appears as a single system to its network clients and peers.

If you know how to manage a Tru64 UNIX system, you already know how to manage a TruCluster Server cluster because TruCluster Server extends single-system management capabilities to clusters. The SysMan Menu utilities provide an integrated view of the cluster environment, letting you manage a single member or the entire cluster.

For more information, see the TruCluster Server Technical Overview.

1.3.2    Logical Storage Manager

The Logical Storage Manager (LSM) is an integrated, host-based solution to data storage management, providing concatenation, striping, mirroring, and a graphical user interface that allows data storage management to be done on line -- without disrupting users or applications. (See Section 2.3 for more information.)

1.3.3    Advanced File System Utilities

The Advanced File System Utilities extend the high availability and flexibility of AdvFS. They provide a graphical user interface to help you do the following:

• Spend less time managing file systems

• Keep your data on line during routine maintenance

• Extend the capacity of your files

• Balance the percentage of space used on volumes

• Undelete files, stripe files, and clone files for hot backup

The graphical interface integrated with Performance Manager lets file system metrics pass from Advanced File System Utilities to Performance Manager.

1.3.4    Developer's Toolkit

The Developers' Toolkit is a prerequisite for all Compaq Tru64 UNIX development tools, languages, and environments. The Toolkit contains the following components:

• Compaq C for Tru64 UNIX, an ANSI conformant C compiler

• Debuggers (Ladebug, dbx)

• The ATOM API

• Program analysis tools (profiling and performance analysis)

• Visual Threads (thread-related profiling and debugging)

• Porting Assistant

See Chapter 6 for more information.

1.3.5    Advanced Server for UNIX

The Advanced Server for UNIX software provides seamless interoperability between Tru64 UNIX servers, Windows NT servers, and Microsoft Windows clients. The Advanced Server enables a Tru64 UNIX system to run the services that make it appear as a Microsoft Advanced Server.

1.3.6    Multimedia Services

Multimedia Services software brings audio and video capabilities to Compaq Tru64 UNIX workstations and provides a full multimedia programming library for developers. The Multimedia Services Run-Time license is included with the base operating system.

1.3.7    Other Software

The following software is not included with the Tru64 UNIX media kit, but can be separately purchased:

• Enterprise Toolkit for Visual Studio

  The Enterprise Toolkit is a set of extensions or add-ins to Microsoft Visual Studio that support developing C, C++, and Fortran applications for Tru64 UNIX servers. With Compaq Enterprise Toolkit for Visual Studio, developers can use the popular Microsoft Visual Studio tool to develop, edit, compile, build, and debug applications for Tru64 UNIX or Windows from a single desktop.

  You can create and manage basic UNIX applications or create more powerful and complex client/server and distributed applications, harnessing the power of 64-bit Tru64 UNIX Alpha technology with a single set of PC tools.

  Additionally, the Compaq Enterprise Toolkit provides developers with a rich set of performance and memory analysis tools. The Enterprise Toolkit uses Visual Studio's documentation browser, the HTML Help Viewer, to provide access to UNIX and product documentation from the same window that developers view Windows documentation.

• Source Materials Options

  A source kit is available for users who need to retrieve and modify selected source modules, primarily for making highly specialized modifications.

1.4    Packaging

The Tru64 UNIX media kit contains four CD-ROMs labeled as follows:

• Tru64 UNIX Operating System

• Associated Products Volume 1

• Associated Products Volume 2

• Tru64 UNIX Documentation

Many of the associated products are optional subsets of the base operating system. Others (such as the Developer's Toolkit, TruCluster Server products, Logical Storage Manager, and Advanced Server for UNIX) are separately licensed products. See Section 1.3.7 for more information.

The media kit also contains printed copies of books in the Startup Documentation Kit, which will help you install and set up your Tru64 UNIX operating system.

If you purchase an Update Contract for the media, you receive the most current versions of the operating system, associated products, and documentation CD-ROMs, in addition to any of the printed manuals in the Startup Documentation Kit that have changed since the last release.

1.4.1    Documentation

The following printed documentation ships with the Tru64 UNIX media kit:

• Release Notes for Version 5.1

• Installation Guide

• Installation Guide -- Advanced Topics

• Update Installation Quick Reference Card

• Full Installation Quick Start

• Technical Overview

• TruCluster Server Technical Overview

• Quick Reference Card

• Documentation Overview

1.4.2    Licensing

Tru64 UNIX operating system software is furnished under the licensing of the Compaq Computer Corporation Standard Terms and Conditions.

In addition to the Operating System Base License, which is the prerequisite for all other licenses, there are five types of operating system licenses available on Alpha systems.

• Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) Extension to Base license

• Concurrent Use licenses

• Unlimited Interactive User licenses

• Hardware Partitioning license

• Single Server license

For more information on these licenses, see the Software Product Description.

Tru64 UNIX provides the enabling technology to support static hardware partitions only on certain servers. These hardware partitions allow multiple instances of the operating system, which increases flexibility in testing new versions and running multiple versions for applications. Consult the Systems and Options Catalog at the following URL for detailed configuration guidelines:

http://www.digital.com/info/SOHOME/SOHOMEHM.HTM

The use of Tru64 UNIX in hardware partitions requires a Tru64 UNIX Hardware Partitioning License for each additional partition. For more information, see the "Software Licensing" section in the Software Product Description.