 |
Index for
Section 8 |
|
 |
Alphabetical
listing for S |
|
 |
Bottom of
page |
|
sa(8)
NAME
sa - Summarizes accounting records
SYNOPSIS
/usr/sbin/sa [-abcdDfijkKlmnorstu] [-v number] [-S savefile] [-U userfile]
[filename]
OPTIONS
-a Outputs all command names (including those containing unprintable
characters and commands used only once) in the last column. In the
default format, such commands are summed and the total is written as
the entry ***other.
-b Sorts cpu output column 3 according to the sum of user and system CPU
time divided by the amount of CPU time required to execute the command
entered in the last column (6) as many times as is entered in the first
column (1).
-c Adds three percentage columns to the default format to list percentages
as follows:
1. Lists the percentage of the number of times each command was
executed with respect to the total number of times all commands
were executed (see 1a below).
2. Lists the percentage of the amount of real time required to
execute each command the number of times entered in the first
column with respect to the total real time required to execute the
total of all commands entered in the last column (see 2a below).
3. Lists the percentage of the amount of command CPU time required to
execute each command the number of times entered in the first
column with respect to the total CPU time required to execute the
total of all commands entered in the last column (see 3a below).
-d Sorts avio output column (4) in descending order according to the
average number of disk I/O operations.
-D Substitutes tio column (4a) for the avio (4) column and sorts tio
output column 4a in descending order according to the total number of
disk I/O operations.
-f Used with the -v option to inhibit interactive threshold comparison of
commands.
-i Reads raw database file /var/adm/pacct only. Does not include records
from summary database file /var/adm/savacct.
-j Outputs the average number of seconds per command in default columns 2,
3, and 4 instead of the total time in minutes for the number of calls
entered in column 1 for each command.
-k Sorts and outputs records according to the value in the k output column
5 in descending order.
-K Substitutes k*sec column (5a) for the k (5) column and sorts the k*sec
output column in descending order according to the value of the memory
time integral.
-l Separates cpu column 3 into two columns. The new column entries are
column 3a, which lists the s (system) part of the CPU minutes, and
column 3b, which lists the u (user) part of the CPU minutes.
-m Outputs a 5-column file, which provides the information in the
following table. Listed below in left-to-right order are the column
identification suffixes, or none when no suffix is used, and the
purpose of the column. Some columns are identical to the default
output format described in the table in the DESCRIPTION section; these
are marked with an asterisk (*).
none
Username or user ID as written in the /etc/passwd file.
none
The total number of processes executed by the user during the
accounting period.
cpu *
Same as column 3 in the default output file.
tio *
Same as column 4a in the default output file.
k*sec *
Same as column 5a in the default output file.
-n Outputs the default format sorted in descending order according to the
number of times each command was called.
-o Substitutes, in the default output format, the ratio of user CPU time
(u) to system CPU time (s) as u/s in column 3 in place of the total
user and system CPU time (cpu) for the number of calls entered in the
first column.
-r The default format, described under Description, is resorted in
ascending order according to the values entered in column 3, cpu time.
This sort is the reverse of the default sort.
-s Merges information in accounting database file /var/adm/pacct with
summary files you specify with the -U and -S options, or merges the
database file information with information in default files
/var/adm/usracct or /var/adm/savacct. After the merge, database file
/var/adm/pacct is truncated. The use of this option also implies the
use of the -a option.
-Ssavefile
Uses savefile as the command summary file in place of file
/var/adm/savacct.
-t Adds the re/cp column (3d) to the default format. Entries in this
column express the ratio of real time to total (cpu) time, which is the
sum of user and system time for each command entered in the last
column.
-u Suspends all other options and prints the user numeric ID, the CPU
time, memory usage, number of I/O operations, and the command name for
each command.
-Uuserfile
Uses userfile as the user summary file in place of file
/var/adm/usracct to record per-user statistics output with the -m
option.
-vnumber
Prints, as a query, the name of each command used number times or fewer
to the standard output as follows:
command--
where command-- is the name of the command written to the standard
output by sa.
When you respond by typing y to the standard input, the command record
is omitted from a default-formatted list at the end of the interactive
command queries written to the standard output. The columnar values of
the omitted record are totaled in an added record whose command name is
**junk** in the last column of that list. When you type any other
character, the record for the queried command name remains in the
default output list at the end of the interactive commands written to
the standard input.
OPERANDS
filename
Process accounting file name. If this optional operand is absent, the
sa command uses /var/adm/pacct as the default process accounting file.
DESCRIPTION
The sa command helps you manage the large volume of accounting information
that is generated each day when system accounting has been enabled by the
system administrator or by the superuser.
When you use the -s option with the sa command, the information in
/var/adm/pacct is condensed into summary file /var/adm/savacct, which
contains a count of the number of times each command was called and the
amount of time system resources were used.
Condensed information for each user is stored in /var/adm/usracct. This
condensed-information file conserves storage space because on a large
system the /var/adm/pacct daily process file can grow by as many as 100
blocks per day. Summary files are normally read before accounting files
are, so that files produced by sa include all available information.
When a file name is given as the last argument, the named file is treated
as the process accounting file. The /var/adm/pacct file is the default
process accounting file.
When the sa command is invoked with no options, the default output summary
is an unheaded 6-column file consisting of, in some cases, information
having an identification suffix in the column. The identification suffix
may be changed from the default (no options specified) output format by
using various options.
The following table lists the columns with left-to-right reference column
numbers (not included in output) for the default format on the left, the
identification suffix for the entry when one is used (or none when one is
not in the middle), and the purpose of the information in that column on
the right.
Columns having more than one identification suffix description (2 and 2a,
for example) use the alternate suffix designation in the same sa output
printout column for each of the listed alternate entries for the column.
For example, the second column has two possible suffix designations: re and
%. The re reference in the middle column describes the information in the
second column of the output printed by the sa command when this suffix is
used. Correspondingly, the % reference describes the information in the sa
output when the % suffix is used.
1 none
The number of times the command entered in the last
column (6) was called.
1a %
When the -c option is used, sa adds this column
after column 1 to list the number of times the
command was called (entered in column 1) as a
percentage of the total number of times all
commands entered in the last column were called.
2 re
The number of real-time (elapsed) minutes required
to execute the command entered in the last column
(6) as many times as is entered in the first column
(1).
2a %
When the -c option is used, sa also adds this
column after column 2 to list the amount of real
time (entered in column 2) required to process the
command entered in the last column (6) as many time
as is entered in the first column (1), as a
percentage of the total amount of real time
required to process all of the commands listed in
the last column.
3 cpu
The number of CPU (user plus system) minutes used
to execute the command entered in the last column
(6) as many times as is entered in the first column
(1).
3a u The number of user CPU minutes used.
3b s The number of system CPU minutes used.
3c u/s
When the -o option is used, substitutes u/s column
(3c) for the cpu (3) column and sorts the u/s
output column in descending order according to the
ratio of user CPU time to system CPU time.
3d %
When the -c option is used, sa also adds this
column after column 3 to list the amount of CPU
time (entered in column 3) required to process the
command, entered in the last column, the number of
times, entered in the first column, as a percentage
of the total CPU time required to process all of
the commands listed in the last column.
3e re/cpu
When the -t option is used, adds the re/cpu column
to the default output format. Entries in this
column express the ratio of real CPU process time
to total CPU time (cpu), which includes user and
system time. These entries appear after entries
for the cpu (3) column. The default output sort
remains unchanged.
4 avio
The average number of input/output operations for
each listed command.
4a tio
The total number of input/output operations for
each listed command.
5 k
The average number of kiloblocks (blocks x 1024) of
memory used for each command process.
5a k*sec
CPU storage-time integral in K-core seconds
(seconds x 1024).
6 none
The command name. A trailing asterisk (*) indicates
a forked program.
Other considerations for entries in the printed sa output are as follows:
· All times are expressed to nearest one hundredth. The default format
is sorted in descending order according to the values entered in
column 3, cpu time.
· You should not share accounting files among nodes in a distributed
environment. Each node should have its own copy of the various
accounting files.
· When you are also using /usr/sbin/acct/* accounting commands, do not
delete accounting records in the /var/adm/pacct process accounting
source file because these records also provide information for summary
data files when the -s option is used.
EXAMPLES
1. Use the sa command with the -a option to summarize accounting records
for all commands entered in the /var/adm/pacct process database file:
% sa -a
Commands used only once are summed with the entry ***other in the
last column of the default output format.
2. Use the sa command with the -k option to summarize accounting records
according to the average number of kiloblocks of memory used for each
command:
% sa -k
FILES
/usr/sbin/sa
Specifies the command path
/var/adm/pacct
Default process accounting database file
/var/adm/savacct
Default system process accounting summary file
/var/adm/usracct
Default user process accounting summary file
SEE ALSO
Commands: acct(8), acctcms(8), acctcom(8), acctcon(8), acctmerg(8),
acctprc(8), fwtmp(8), runacct(8)
|
Index for
Section 8 |
|
|
Alphabetical
listing for S |
|
 |
Top of
page |
|