 |
Index for
Section 5 |
|
 |
Alphabetical
listing for H |
|
 |
Bottom of
page |
|
hier(5)
NAME
hier - Standard file system hierarchy
DESCRIPTION
A Tru64 UNIX operating system has a standard file system hierarchy. So
does the X11 Window System. The operating system has a unique root
directory, the identity of which is compiled into the operating system
kernel and is activated when the operating system is bootstrapped. The X11
Window System is a file system within the operating system hierarchy.
The root file system is the file system that contains the root directory.
Although the default root file system is compiled into the kernel, you can
use other file systems as the root after the system is bootstrapped. For
example, you could use the mount command to mount a file system on the root
directory mount point, making that file system the root file system until
the machine is bootstrapped again.
The standard file system hierarchy for Tru64 UNIX systems allows both the
components of the system and developers of products for it to install and
run their software in a consistent environment. For example, third-party
software developers can place their products within the standard directory
structure (in the /opt, /usr/opt, and /var/opt directories), and can then
expect their products will install successfully on systems that have
maintained the standard hierarchy.
The three components to the standard file system hierarchy for Tru64 UNIX
systems are the directory hierarchy for the operating system, the X11
Window System, and Context Dependent Symbolic Links (CDSLs). The following
sections show these components.
Developers of products for Tru64 UNIX should use the structures shown in
order to ensure their products can be installed on, and are portable to,
other Tru64 UNIX systems.
Administrators of Tru64 UNIX systems should preserve the CDSLs for the
system because the CDSLs must be intact to perform update installations of
Tru64 UNIX systems or incorporate the system into a clustered environment.
See symlink(2) for more information about symbolic links and CDSLs.
The following table shows the standard base system hierarchy.
__________________________________________________________________________
Base System Hierarchy Description of Directory or File
__________________________________________________________________________
/
The root directory for the root file system of the
operating system
/cluster/
Directory for a cluster of which this system could
be a member
members/
Root directory for cluster member0, this system,
whether or not it is in a cluster
/dev/ Block and character device special files
/devices/ Directory for device special files (new method)
/etc/
System configuration files and databases;
nonexecutable files
nls/ National language support databases
/lost+found/ Files located by fsck
/opt/
Optional for layered products, such as
applications and device drivers
/sbin/
Commands essential to boot the system (most of
these commands depend on shared libraries or the
loader and have other versions in /usr/bin or
/usr/sbin)
init.d/ System state rc files
rc0.d/ The rc files executed for system-state 0
rc2.d/ The rc files executed for system-state 2
rc3.d/ The rc files executed for system-state 3
/subsys/
Dynamically configured kernel modules required in
single-user mode
/sys/
Links to those files in /usr/sys/ that are
source-code based
BINARY/ System executable modules (.mod files )
/tmp/
System-generated temporary files, usually not
preserved across a system reboot
/usr/ Most user utilities and applications
bin/ Common utilities and applications
ccs/
C compilation system; tools and libraries used to
generate C programs
bin/
Development binaries such as cc, ld, and make
lib/ Development libraries and back ends
cluster/ Directories for cluster members
include/
Program header (include) files; not all
subdirectories are listed in this appendix
mach/ Mach-specific C include files
machine/ Machine-specific C include files
net/ Miscellaneous network C include files
netinet/ C include files for Internet standard protocols
netns/ C include files for XNS standard protocols
nfs/ C include files for Network File System
protocols/ C include files for Berkeley service protocols
rpc/ C include files for remote procedure calls
servers/ C include files for servers
sys/ System C include files (kernel data structures)
tli/ C include files for Transport Layer Interface
ufs/ C include files for UNIX File System
examples/ Subdirectories of programming examples
lbin/ Back-end executable files
spell/ Spell back-end
uucp/ UNIX-to-UNIX Copy (UUCP) programs
lib/
Links to libraries located elsewhere
(/usr/ccs/lib), (/usr/libin), (/usr/share/lib),
(/X11/lib); included for compatibility
opt/
Optional layered products, such as applications
and device drivers
sbin/
System administration utilities and system
utilities
share/ Architecture-independent ASCII text files
dict/ Word lists
lib/ Various libraries
me/
Macros for use with the me macro package
ms/
Macros for use with the ms macro package
tabset/
Tab description files for a variety of terminals;
used in /etc/termcap
terminfo/ Terminal information database
tmac/ Text-processing macros
man/ Online reference pages
man1/ Source for user command reference pages
man2/ Source for system call reference pages
man3/ Source for library routine reference pages
man4/ Source for file format reference pages
man5/ Source for miscellaneous reference pages
man7/ Source for device reference pages
man8/ Source for administrator command reference pages
cat1-cat8
Formatted versions of files in man1 - man8
shlib/
Binary-loadable shared libraries; shared versions
of libraries in /usr/ccs/lib
sys/ System configuration files
BINARY
Object files and links to the .mod files in
/sys/BINARY/
conf/ Kernel configuration control files
include/ Header files
/var/
Multipurpose log, temporary, varying, and spool
files. [An alternate location for this directory
is /usr/var.]
cluster/ Directory for cluster members
adm/ Common administrative files and databases
crash/ For saving kernel crash dumps
cron/ Files used by cron
sendmail/
Configuration and database files for sendmail
syslog/ Files generated by syslog
opt/
Optional layered products, such as applications
and device drivers
run/ Files created when daemons are running
spool/
Miscellaneous printer and mail-system spooling
directories
lpd/ Line printer spooling directories
mail/ Incoming mail messages
mqueue/ Undelivered mail queue
uucp/ UUCP spool directory
subsys/ Loadable kernel modules required in multiuser mode
tmp/
Application-generated temporary files that are
kept between system reboots
/vmunix
Pure kernel executable (the operating system
loaded into memory at boot time)
__________________________________________________________________________
The following table shows the standard X11 window system hierarchy.
___________________________________________________________________________
Description of Directory or File
X11 Window System
Hierarchy
___________________________________________________________________________
/usr/ Most user utilities and applications
bin/ Common utilities and applications
X11/ X applications
demos/ Miscellaneous demo programs
examples/ Example programs
dxpaint/ Sample Paint image
motif/ Motif example programs
include/ Header files
DPS/ Files for DPS
DXm/ Files for libDXm
Mrm/ Files for libMrm
uil/ UIL header files
X11/ X C header files
bitmaps/ X bitmaps
Header files for use with X extensions
extensions/
Xaw/ Files for libXaw
Xserver/ Header files used for loadable X server libraries
Xm/ Header files for libXm
lib/ Static archive X libraries
cda/ CDA style guides
emacs/ Emacs directory base
X11/ Display and font resources
app-defaults/
System-wide resource files for X client
applications
bitmaps/ Program-specific bitmaps
appdata/ Generic program-specific data
config/ Imake configuration files
DPS/ Display Postscript files
fonts/ Font files
100 dpi fonts from X Consortium
100dpi/
75dpi/ 75 dpi fonts from X Consortium
DECwindows fonts
decwin/
100 dpi fonts
100dpi/
75 dpi fonts
75dpi/
misc/ Fonts from X Consortium
Speedo scalable fonts
Speedo/
Type1/ Type1 scalable fonts
Adobe Type1 scalable fonts
Type1Adobe/
Adobe font metrics
afm/
user
Fonts from layered products and local
installations
100 dpi fonts
100dpi/
75 dpi fonts
75dpi/
Other fonts
misc/
fs/ Fontserver config and error log files
help/
Help files for X client applications;
subdirectories as applicable
keymaps/ Keymaps for various keyboards
twm/
Default configuration for twm window manager
uid/
User Interface Definitions for X client
applications
Scripts for analyzing x11perf output
x11perfcomp/
xdm/
X Display Manager configuration and resource
files, and error log
shlib/ Shareable libraries
X11/ Shareable libraries loaded by X server
___________________________________________________________________________
The following example is a list of Context Dependent Symbolic Links (CDSLs)
on a base system. It was produced by running the following command line.
Note that the CDSL list generated on your system may differ from that
presented in this example, depending on the version of the operating system
you are running and the layered products (such as cluster software) that
are installed.
# find / -type l -ls | grep '{memb}' | awk '{ print $11, $12,
$13 }' | tee /usr/tmp/cdsl.list.
/cluster/members/member -> {memb}
/etc/cfginfo -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/cfginfo
/etc/autopush.conf -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/autopush.conf
/etc/binlog.conf -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/binlog.conf
/etc/rc.config -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/rc.config
/etc/strsetup.conf -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/strsetup.conf
/etc/syslog.conf -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/syslog.conf
/etc/gated.conf -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/gated.conf
/etc/ifaccess.conf -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/ifaccess.conf
/etc/inet.local -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/inet.local
/etc/inetd.conf.local -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/inetd.conf.local
/etc/ntp.conf -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/ntp.conf
/etc/ogated.conf -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/ogated.conf
/etc/ppp -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/ppp
/etc/remote -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/remote
/etc/routes -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/routes
/etc/slhosts -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/slhosts
/etc/snmpd.conf -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/snmpd.conf
/etc/dhcptab -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/dhcptab
/etc/latautopush.conf -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/latautopush.conf
/etc/dfsl.dat -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/dfsl.dat
/etc/atm -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/atm
/etc/atm.conf -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/atm.conf
/etc/dfsl.bak -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/dfsl.bak
/etc/gateways -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/gateways
/etc/ntp.keys -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/ntp.keys
/etc/sm -> /cluster/members/{memb}//etc/sm
/etc/sm.bak -> /cluster/members/{memb}//etc/sm.bak
/etc/state -> /cluster/members/{memb}//etc/state
/sbin/init.d/autosysconfig -> ../../cluster/members/{memb}
/sbin/init.d/autosysconfig
/dev -> cluster/members/{memb}/dev
/tmp -> cluster/members/{memb}/tmp
/usr/cluster/members/member -> {memb}
/usr/lib/X11/Xserver.conf -> ../../var/cluster/members/{memb}
/X11/Xserver.conf
/var/cluster/members/member -> {memb}
/var/adm/smlogs -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/smlogs
/var/adm/binary.errlog -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/binary.errlog
/var/adm/crash -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/crash
/var/adm/cron -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/cron
/var/adm/lastlog -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/lastlog
/var/adm/lmf -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/lmf
/var/adm/messages -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/messages
/var/adm/sendmail/protocols.map -> ../../cluster/members/{memb}
/adm/sendmail/protocols.map
/var/adm/sendmail/sendmail.st -> ../../cluster/members/{memb}
/adm/sendmail/sendmail.st
/var/adm/syslog -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/syslog
/var/adm/syslog.dated -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/syslog.dated
/var/adm/utmp -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/utmp
/var/adm/wtmp -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/wtmp
/var/adm/lpd -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/lpd
/var/tmp -> ./cluster/members/{memb}/tmp
/var/evm/adm/logfiles -> ../../cluster/members/{memb}/evm/adm/logfiles
/var/evm/evmlog -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/evm/evmlog
/var/evm/sockets -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/evm/sockets
/var/run -> ./cluster/members/{memb}/run
/var/spool/cron -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/spool/cron
/var/spool/locks -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/spool/locks
/var/spool/lpd -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/spool/lpd
/var/spool/uucp -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/spool/uucp
/var/spool/uucppublic -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/spool/uucppublic
/var/agentx -> ./cluster/members/{memb}/agentx
/var/rwho -> ./cluster/members/{memb}/rwho
/var/dt -> cluster/members/{memb}/dt
/var/advfs/daemon/logs -> ../../cluster/members/{memb}/advfs/daemon/logs
/var/advfs/daemon/socket -> ../../cluster/members/{memb}
/advfs/daemon/socket
/var/advfs/gui -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/advfs/gui
/var/rsvp -> ./cluster/members/{memb}/rsvp
/var/yp/binding -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/yp/binding
/var/im -> ./cluster/members/{memb}/im
/var/lsmsa -> /var/cluster/members/{memb}/lsmsa
/.local.. -> cluster/members/{memb}
The /usr/sbin/cdslinvchk utility provides a method of checking and
verifying CDSLs on a system.
SEE ALSO
Commands: ls(1), apropos(1), whatis(1), whereis(1), finger(1), which(1),
find(1), grep(1), fsck(8), mount(8), cdslinvchk(8)
Functions:symlink(2)
|
Index for
Section 5 |
|
|
Alphabetical
listing for H |
|
 |
Top of
page |
|