1    Introduction to Tru64 UNIX

This chapter introduces the Tru64 UNIX operating system and provides a description of its features. Many of the components listed in this chapter are described in more detail in later chapters. The following topics are discussed:

• Major features of the operating system, its history from its OSF/1 genesis, and a summary of the standards to which it conforms (Section 1.1)

• Product features and enhancements that support enterprise applications, high performance technical computing, and Internet communications (Section 1.2)

• Optional components that can help meet your computing needs (Section 1.3)

• Components of the operating system and how they are packaged (Section 1.4)

1.1    Overview

The Tru64 UNIX operating system delivers many features that raise it to the highest level of performance, scalability, and availability, yet make it simple to manage and operate. For users seeking to expand their information technology capabilities while increasing performance and maintaining the highest level of availability, Compaq offers the best industry UNIX solution.

Compaq Tru64 UNIX is the most time-tested 64-bit UNIX operating system you can buy. It brings new strengths, with features that:

• Dramatically simplify system management by offering a choice of management interfaces

• Substantially reduce the complexity of installation, setup, and management

• Reduce the total cost of ownership by offering familiar interfaces, utilities with a common look and feel, and automation -- thereby minimizing the need for training

• Grow to multiple terabyte configurations, giving users the flexibility to satisfy their growing business needs

• Increase performance in file system, storage management, and system networking

• Deliver high integration between UNIX and Windows 2000 (see Section 7.3)

• Fill users' highest availability needs with the addition of Compaq TruCluster Server Software.

Tru64 UNIX is supported on all Alpha servers and workstations with 64 MB of memory.

The operating system incorporates several performance enhancements either developed or extended by Compaq, including wired memory, virtual memory, and Unified Buffer Cache; UNIX File System (UFS) file block clustering and cached writes over the Network File System (NFS); IPv4 multicasting, path MTU discovery, and optimized TCP/IP; and quick-started shared libraries.

With Tru64 UNIX you have a clear and concise system administration environment (including graphics, Web-based, and character-cell) that does the following:

• Simplifies your system administration tasks

• Enables an update installation that does not overwrite system files, or performs a full installation that quickly gets your system up and running

• Supports loadable drivers and other kernel subsystems, including loadable boot-path support for third-party disks and graphics cards

• Provides virtually automatic management of peripheral SCSI storage devices, such as disks, tapes, and CD-ROMs

Tru64 UNIX provides real-time support and symmetric multiprocessing (SMP), dataless servers and clients, and numerous features to assist application programmers in developing applications that use shared libraries, threads, and memory-mapped files. It is fully compliant to the Single UNIX Specification, to the X/Open UNIX brand, to POSIX 1003.1b (real time) and to POSIX 1003.1c (with POSIX Threads -- formerly called DECthreads).

The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) is the default user interface.

1.1.1    Product History

Tru64 UNIX is the Compaq implementation of the Open Software Foundation Version 1.0 and Version 1.2 technology and the Motif Version 1.2.5 graphical user interface and programming environment. In addition, Tru64 UNIX supports the full features of the X Window System, Version 11, Release 6.3 (X11R6.3).

The Tru64 UNIX operating system is a multiuser/multitasking, 64-bit, advanced kernel architecture based on Carnegie Mellon University's Mach Version 2.5 kernel design with components from Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) Versions 4.3 and 4.4, UNIX System Laboratories System V Release 4.0, other software sources, the public domain, and Compaq Computer Corporation.

Earlier versions of Tru64 UNIX were known as DIGITAL UNIX. It began its existence with the name DEC OSF/1.

1.1.2    Standards

With the Version 5.1A release, Tru64 UNIX complies with the UNIX 98 Product Standard, a significantly enhanced version of the UNIX 95 product standard.

UNIX 98 enhancements include the following:

• Threads interfaces

• Multibyte support extension (MSE)

• Large file support

• Dynamic linking

• Changes to remove hardware data-length dependencies and restrictions

• Year 2000 changes

UNIX 98 is made up of the following product standards:

• Internationalized System Calls and Libraries Extended V2

• Commands and Utilities V3

• C Language

• Sockets V2

• Transport Service (XTI) V2

• Internationalized Terminal Interfaces (XCurses)

The UNIX 98 Conformance Statement Questionnaire for Tru64 UNIX is provided on The Open Group Web site at the following site:

http://www.opengroup.org/csq/

Tru64 UNIX does not support the optional enhancements to the UNIX 98 Product Standard, such as software administration facilities and a set of APIs for real-time support.

This version of the operating system also complies with the UNIX 98 Workstation Product Standard, which is the same as the UNIX 98 Product Standard, but with the additional requirement of conforming to the Common Desktop Environment Product Standard.

The CDE standard defines the X/Open Common Desktop Environment, a common graphical user interface environment for use on systems supporting the X Window System. This standard defines a standard set of functional capabilities and supporting infrastructure, as well as the associated standard application programming interfaces, command-line actions, data interchange formats, and protocols that must be supported by a conformant system. It provides standard forms of the facilities normally found in a graphical user interface environment, including windowing and window management, session management, file management, electronic mail, text editing, calendar and appointments management, calculator, application building and integration services, print job services, and a help service.

The operating system is compatible with the Berkeley 4.3 and System V programming interfaces and, by complying with the System V Interface Definition (SVID3 Base and Kernel Extensions), supports System V applications as well.

See Appendix A and the Tru64 UNIX Operating System QuickSpec (formerly called Software Product Description) for a list of standards that Tru64 UNIX supports.

1.2    Product Features and Enhancements

Tru64 UNIX offers an array of significant features and enhancements to support enterprise applications, high performance technical computing, business intelligence, and Internet communications. Most of these features are incorporated into the base operating system, while others are incorporated into the optional components and separately licensed products packaged on the Tru64 UNIX Associated Products CD-ROMs. (See Section 1.4 for information about the Tru64 UNIX media kit.)

The following sections describe features of the operating system, as well as some new features and enhancements provided in the Version 5.1A release.

1.2.1    Scalability

The easy replacement and maintenance of CPUs and the ability to configure mixed-speed CPUs are among the scalability features supported in the Version 5.1A release:

• CPU online addition and removal (OLAR)

  Version 5.1A introduces OLAR technology, which allows you to replace or upgrade CPUs on your AlphaServer GS160 and GS320 systems without needing to bring your system down. With this new feature, also referred to as "CPU hot swap," you can replace CPUs with faster CPUs or replace a broken or malfunctioning CPU even as your system remains operational.

  The Compaq Analyze utility now includes the ability to notify the operating system that a specific CPU should be replaced. You can configure the operating system to automatically request that the CPU go off line, though allowing you to define when to honor these automatic off-line requests. This feature keeps the system running longer because it can disable faulty CPUs before they cause the entire system to stop. The OLAR indictment capacity requires the installation of Compaq Analyze from the WEBES (Web-Based Enterprises Services) kit.

  OLAR management is integrated with the SysMan (see Section 2.4) suite of system management applications, which provides the ability to manage all aspects of the system from a centralized location.

  For information about OLAR, see the new Managing Online Addition and Removal manual.

• Support for AlphaServer GS mixed speed CPUs

  With the introduction of mixed-speed CPU support you can purchase additional processors for your AlphaServer GS80, GS160, and GS320 systems with limited regard for the speed the processors currently have.

  The AlphaServer GS series of computers enables you to quickly scale from 1 to 32 CPUs with up to 256 GB of memory and to run multiple instances of different operating systems.

• NUMA (non-uniform memory access)

  The GS80, GS160, and GS320 AlphaServer platforms use non-uniform memory access (NUMA) architecture to enable a multiprocessor environment that can scale to large numbers of CPUs. Starting with Tru64 UNIX Version 5.1A, the operating system software is NUMA aware, to ensure that legacy applications run with as close to optimal performance as possible without source-code modification.

  In addition, NUMA APIs are available for use in large and complex applications that require more direct management of CPU and memory access on a NUMA platform.

  For more information on NUMA, see Section 5.3.

• Compaq Capacity on Demand

  Introduced in the Version 5.1 release, the Compaq Capacity on Demand (CCoD) program lets you order a system with added CPUs for expansion, then pay for the extra capacity later when you need it. Because the CPUs are already loaded, you can activate them without rebooting your system.

  Version 5.1A supports CCoD, which is available to AlphaServer GS140E, GS160, and GS320 customers who are purchasing new systems, adding new Alpha EV67 CPUs, or upgrading to Alpha EV67 (E2067-DA) 6/700 CPUs.

  The CCoD program is also available to the installed base 8200/8400 and GS60E customers who are planning to upgrade their systems to EV67 technology.

  CCoD kits are available on a CD-ROM and from the World Wide Web. You can find additional information and download the CCoD kit from the following Web site:

  http://www.compaq.com/alphaserver/cod

• Very large memory (VLM) and large storage capacities

  Tru64 UNIX supports memory utilization to 28 GB, thereby providing more efficient use of memory in VLM configurations. It supports file and storage systems of 4 TB or larger.

• Device support

  • The SCSI-3 standard supported by the operating system allows up to 256 target and LUN addresses per SCSI bus and supports dual pathing (alternate path to a device).

  • The device naming model provides a flexible framework that allows more than 256 device names per SCSI bus. This model supports SCSI-3 and Fibre Channel.

  • Tru64 UNIX supports Fibre Channel-switched connections and multiple concurrent paths (64) with adaptive load balancing. Both SCSI-2 and SCSI-3 commands are supported.

• Dynamic Tuning

  Most tuning can be done at run time without rebooting the system.

1.2.2    Features of the Installation Processes

You can install Tru64 UNIX in several ways, using various utilities to help make the process as simple as possible. The following list describes the installation processes available to you; each is described in more detail in Section 2.1.

• Full Installation

  Installs a new operating system. A Full Installation creates new file systems and swap space and overwrites existing system and user-created files on the disk partitions where the file systems and swap spaces are to be installed. After the installation, you configure the system for general use. (See Section 2.1.1.)

• Update Installation

  Updates a system running Version 5.0A or Version 5.1 to Version 5.1A. This type of installation preserves disk partitions, file systems, file customizations, network and print environment, user accounts, user created files, and any other system setup you may have done on the system. (See Section 2.1.2.)

• Installation Cloning

  Lets you replicate the Full Installation from a model system that is already installed onto one or more systems with the same or similar hardware configuration. Installation Cloning is ideal for environments in which there are many systems of the same type to be installed. Cloning produces identical system installations and eliminates the need to go through the Full Installation tasks at each system. (See Section 2.1.3.)

• Configuration Cloning

  Lets you replicate the network and print environment from an already configured system during a Full Installation. (See Section 2.1.4.)

• Rolling Upgrade

  In cluster environments, the TruCluster Server software supports the Rolling Upgrade procedure, which is a software upgrade of a cluster that is performed while the cluster is in operation. Clients accessing services are not aware that a rolling upgrade is in progress. (See Section 2.1.5.)

1.2.3    System and Network Management Features

Tru64 UNIX has a rich collection of features and provides many applications to help you easily set up, configure, and tune your system, and to simplify your daily maintenance, and administration tasks.

The following list highlights system and network management features. Chapter 2 provides more detailed information on many of these features.

• Managing tasks with SysMan Menu

  The SysMan Menu provides a framework for organizing various system management tasks. Each task represents a small application that is launched from the SysMan Menu.

  SysMan Menu can be run in CDE, HTML, or ASCII text environments. Thus, all the tasks on this menu can be performed from an X11 capable display, a personal computer running Microsoft Windows products, Linux, or the Macintosh Operating System, or from a character cell terminal. (See Section 2.4.1 for more information about SysMan Menu.)

• Managing tasks with SysMan Station

  The SysMan Station provides a graphic representation of the Tru64 UNIX system and enables you to manage it remotely from any computer. This Java utility is fully integrated with the TruCluster Server software. (See Section 2.4.2 for more information about SysMan Station.)

• Configuring your system with Quick Setup

  Quick Setup provides a fast, user-friendly way to set up your system with the basic system configuration. The resulting system can be used "as is" or you can customize it with settings accessible in the full-featured configuration application. Quick Setup, which is accessible with a character cell interface, is available from the System Setup menu with the /usr/sbin/setup command. (See Section 2.2 for more information about Quick Setup.)

• Memory trolling

  Memory trolling is a process of reading the system's memory to proactively discover and handle memory errors. Tru64 UNIX supports memory trolling on AlphaServers GS80, GS160, and GS320 systems.

  You manage memory trolling with the vm_troll_percent attribute, which was introduced in the Version 5.0A release. You can use the vm_troll_percent attribute to enable, disable, and tune the trolling rate. You can change the rate at any time. (See the Managing Online Addition and Removal manual and the memory_trolling(5) reference page for more information about memory trolling.)

• Getting on the network with the Network Setup Wizard

  The Network Setup Wizard guides you through the process of adding a system to a network. The wizard steps you through the applications in a recommended order and provides information to help you determine which applications are applicable to each situation. (See the Network Administration: Connections manual and the SysMan Menu online help for information on the Network Setup Wizard.)

• Link aggregation

  Version 5.1A gives system administrators the ability to combine two or more physical Ethernet Network Interface Cards (NICs) to create what is called a "link aggregation group."

  The upper-layer software sees this link aggregation group as a single logical interface. Link aggregation (also called "trunking") provides the following capabilities:

  • Increased network bandwidth, depending on the number and type of NICs

  • Load distribution across all ports of a link aggregation group

  Link aggregation is supported only on server-to-server and server-to-switch point-to-point connections. (See Section 3.3.10 for more information.)

• Analyzing and managing events

  • The collect utility

    The collect utility is a system monitoring tool that records or displays specific operating system data. With collect, you can include or exclude any set of the subsystems, such as file systems, message queue, tty, or header in data collection. You can display data at the terminal or store it in either a compressed or uncompressed data file. Data files can be read and manipulated from the command line, through use of command scripts, or through a graphical user interface.

  • Compaq Analyze

    Compaq Analyze helps you analyze events stored in the system's event log file. This graphical interface is a rules-based, hardware fault-management diagnostic utility that enables you to set program and configuration parameters and to review event information. (See Section 2.5.2 for more information about Compaq Analyze.)

  • EVM event manager

    The EVM event manager provides a single point of focus for the multiple channels (such as log files) through which system components report event and status information. (See Section 2.5.8 for more information about Event Manager.)

  • DECevent

    The DECevent event management utility provides error reporting and binary-to-text translation capabilities. DECevent provides system-directed diagnostic capability for various platforms. (See Section 2.5.9 for more information about DECevent.)

• Monitoring systems with Compaq Insight Manager

  Compaq Insight Manager provides a Web-based environment from which you can monitor supported systems using Web-Based Enterprise Services (WEBES). Compaq Insight Manager provides a consistent wrapper for SysMan and other Tru64 UNIX utilities. (See Section 2.5.1 for more information about Compaq Insight Manager.)

• Other utilities of note

  Most of the following utilities are available from the Sysman Station, the SysMan Menu, the command line, and the Common Desktop Environment Application Manager. See the System Administration manual and the appropriate reference page for information on how to use these tools.

  • Hardware management (hwmgr)

    The hwmgr utility helps you manage hardware components, including disk and tape drives, processors, and buses. (See Section 2.7 for more information about hwmgr.)

  • Environmental Monitoring

    The envconfig utility monitors the thermal, fan, and redundant power supply state of AlphaServer systems with prerequisite hardware sensor support. (See Section 2.5.7 for more information on environmental monitoring.)

  • Analyzing system parameters (sys_check)

    The sys_check utility outputs the configuration, hardware and software, of the running system and displays the information in HTML format. It also performs a basic analysis of operating system parameters and attributes and provides warnings if it detects problems.

  • Class Scheduler

    The Class Scheduler provides a convenient way to prioritize tasks.

  • Kernel Tuner

    The Kernel Tuner lets you display and change parameters of the kernel subsystem. (See Section 5.1.1 for more information.)

  • Process Tuner

    The Process Tuner lets you display, monitor, and manage system processes. It provides sort and filter options to help manage the display of the information.

  • Optimizing code with spike

    The spike utility lets you optimize code after linking. It is a replacement for om and does similar optimizations. Because it can operate on an entire program, spike can do optimizations that cannot be done by the compiler. See the spike(1) reference page for more information.

  • Division of Privileges

    The Division of Privileges utility enables administrators to grant users or groups access to privileged programs without the root password. All privileged system management applications can be launched from the SysMan Menu, the SysMan Station, the desktop's Application Manager, the Custom Setup checklist, or the command line. For more information, see the Security manual.

• Bootable tape

  The bootable tape feature gives you the ability to create and recover a disk image from a system. The bootable tape utility (btcreate) supports the Logical Storage Manager (LSM).

1.2.4    ARMTech Resource Management Software

Version 5.1A introduces support for Aurema's Resource Management Software products, which allow for richer and easier management of the resources needed to keep mission-critical applications running at peak performance.

Tru64 UNIX includes Aurema's ARMTech suite of resource management products on the Associated Products Volume 2 CD-ROM. Aurema's ShareExpress entry-level resource management utility is available license free. The enhanced Aurema resource management products, ShareExtra and ShareEnterprise, can be enabled by purchasing a license from Aurema.

ARMTech is a powerful system utility that enables dynamic allocation and balancing of CPU system resources.

The license-free ShareExpress product provides an enhanced UNIX timeshare scheduler offering equal sharing on a per-user basis. The ShareExtra product provides differential sharing of CPU resources. The ShareEnterprise product provides group-based sharing of CPU resources, storage of historical and accounting information, and other powerful resource management features.

1.2.5    UNIX and Microsoft Windows Interoperability

Tru64 UNIX provides a number of capabilities and products to simplify the development, deployment, and management of solutions in a UNIX and Microsoft Windows environment. These capabilities help solve integration problems across a number of functional areas. See Chapter 7 for details.

Windows 2000 Single Sign-On software gives Windows 2000 users the capability of logging in to a Tru64 UNIX system using their Windows 2000 user names and passwords. See Section 7.3 for more information about this optional component.

1.2.6    Advanced Printing Software

Advanced Printing Software is a printing system for Tru64 UNIX. It was developed in collaboration with Xerox and based on the PrintXchange technology from Xerox. Advanced Printing Software is a distributed client/server printing system for workgroup and enterprise environments.

Advanced Printing Software offers full-featured print spooling functions such as job scheduling, job retention, event notification, multiple levels of access control, print queue failover, and host transparency when used in a TruCluster Server environment.

It uses the Network Information Service (NIS) or the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) to distribute printer information throughout your environment and uses inbound and outbound gateways to interoperate with lpd print subsystems.

Advanced Printing Software is based on the print system model defined in the ISO 10175 Document Printing Application standard and the command set defined in the POSIX 1384.7 draft standard.

For more information, see the Advanced Printing Software Release Notes (included with the software subset) and the Advanced Printing Software User Guide, which is available on the Tru64 UNIX Documentation CD-ROM and on the Web.

1.2.7    System V Support

The System V habitat consists of alternate versions of commands, subroutines, and system calls that support the source code interfaces and run-time behavior for all components of the base system and kernel extensions as defined in the System V Interface Definition (SVID). Using the System V habitat lets you override the default system commands and functions with corresponding System V commands and functions (system calls and subroutines). The Tru64 UNIX System V habitat supports all SVID 2 and SVID 3 functions.

For information about the System V habitat, see the Command and Shell User's Guide.

1.2.8    Compaq Secure Web Server

The Compaq Secure Web Server included in the Version 5.1A release is based on the industry standard Apache Software Foundation (ASF) code base. Compaq improved the base ASF product by including Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) capability that allows for encryption up to 156 bits. This server also includes support for Java Servlets, Java Server Pages, and Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP).

1.2.9    iPlanet Directory Server

Tru64 UNIX includes the iPlanet Directory Server, which you can use as a general-purpose corporate directory or as the primary directory for Tru64 UNIX applications or other applications that need access to a directory. The software license is included with the Tru64 UNIX base license and is valid for up to 200,000 users. For more than 200,000 users, you must purchase an additional license.

1.2.10    Tru64 UNIX Open Source Software Collection

Included with the Tru64 UNIX Media Kit is the Open Source Software Collection CD-ROM, which supplies you with user and administration utilities along with multimedia and graphics packages that enable you to exploit the power of Tru64 UNIX systems. This software collection saves you the time and inconvenience of searching the Internet to locate software that has been qualified and tested on Compaq Tru64 UNIX.

In addition to an array of public domain freeware and shareware programs, the Open Source Software Collection disk includes tools developed by Compaq that are not for commercial sale and demonstration versions of commercial packages. (See also Section 1.3.7.1 for information about the Internet Express for Tru64 UNIX CD-ROM.)

1.2.11    Documentation

The Tru64 UNIX documentation gives you the information you need in the format that is most convenient for you. For complete information about the Tru64 UNIX documentation, including changes made in the Version 5.1A release, see the Documentation Overview. The following list describes some of the features of the Tru64 UNIX documentation:

• Most of the documentation is available in HTML format for viewing with a Web browser, in PDF format for viewing and printing with the Adobe Acrobat Reader, and in printed books.

  When viewing the books with a browser, references to other documentation -- including the reference pages -- are linked, so that a click of your mouse will take you there.

  With your browser's print option, you can easily print the sections you want, or you can cut and paste sections to create your own documentation to better help you perform specific tasks. With Acrobat Reader, you can print sections, chapters, or entire books with a near type-set quality.

• The Documentation CD-ROM, which contains HTML and PDF versions of Tru64 UNIX books, white papers, and the complete set of operating system reference pages, can be used on a Tru64 UNIX system, as well as on a Windows PC or Macintosh -- laptop or workstation -- or on any other system that uses the ISO 9660 Level 1 CD-ROM standard. This CD-ROM also provides versions of Adobe Acrobat Reader for many operating systems.

  To help you locate specific information in the documentation, the CD-ROM contains a copy of the AltaVista Search CD-ROM software with a complete index of the HTML documents. The AltaVista software runs on an x86-based PC with Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, or Windows NT Version 4.0.

  The Master Index listing of the Online Documentation Library includes a Master Index search utility. When you type the word or phrase you want to find, the search utility searches all Master Index entries for matches and then displays the results. When you click on a resulting entry, the target book opens in its own window -- in most cases to the place indicated by the entry. Figure 1-1 shows the results of a search for the text string "bsd."

  Figure 1-1:  Master Index Search Display

  

  The Master Index search utility works on the Documentation CD-ROM and on the Web.

• Printed versions of the Tru64 UNIX core documentation are available in the separately orderable Tru64 UNIX Documentation Kit and in individual subkits. See the Documentation Overview for a description of those kits.

  The books in the Startup Documentation Kit are included in the Tru64 UNIX media kit. See Section 1.4.1 for a list of those books. The media kit also includes the Cluster Technical Overview.

• On the Web, you can find the current documentation set, as well as sets for Tru64 UNIX versions dating back to Version 4.0D. To view this documentation, point your Web browser to the following site:

  http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/docs
  

  The Web site also gives you access to the Tru64 UNIX reference pages, as well as to the following documentation:

  • Tru64 UNIX Best Practices documentation

  • Tru64 UNIX Device Driver documentation library

  • TruCluster Server documentation (including the TruCluster reference pages)

  • Advanced Server for UNIX documentation

  • Internet Express for Tru64 UNIX, formerly Open Source Internet Solutions (see Section 1.3.7.1)

  The Version 5.1A release offers a new full-text search facility, called isearch, for finding information in Tru64 UNIX documentation on the Web and on local area networks, using any platform, including UNIX workstations, Macintosh computers, and PCs:

  • When accessing Tru64 UNIX documentation on the Web, you simply type a word or words in the search facility to find the places in the documentation that discuss the topic.

  • To use the search facility on an intranet, your system administrator must install the isearch software on your local server. Thereafter, users with access to that server can search the documentation in the same way as they would on the Web. The required software is provided free on the Tru64 UNIX Documentation CD-ROM.

• Best Practices documentation offers a recommended method for performing a task, rather than presenting all available options. The documentation walks you step-by-step through the process.

• The online help for SysMan and its associated applications is robust and task oriented to help you find the information you need to complete a given goal.

1.3    Optional Components

You can purchase a wide variety of software products from Compaq and many other companies to run on the Tru64 UNIX operating system.

Most of the separately licensed products described in the following sections are included with the Tru64 UNIX media kit. See the Tru64 UNIX Operating System Quickspec (formerly called Software Product Description) or the Tru64 UNIX Web site for additional information on these optional software packages.

1.3.1    TruCluster Server

TruCluster Server is a highly integrated synthesis of Tru64 UNIX software, AlphaServer systems, and storage devices that operate as a single system. A TruCluster Server cluster acts as a single virtual system, even though it is made up of multiple systems. Members of the cluster can share resources, data storage, and clusterwide file systems under a single security and management domain, yet they can be booted or shut down independently without disrupting the cluster.

A TruCluster Server environment can be as simple or as feature rich as you want. You can configure a cluster that fits your needs, from a two-node cluster up to an eight-node cluster running high availability applications, such as the following:

• Transaction processing systems

• Servers for network client/server applications

• Data-sharing applications that require maximum uptime

• Distributed parallel processing applications that take full advantage of the TruCluster Server application programming interfaces (APIs)

TruCluster Server includes a cluster alias for the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP), so that a cluster appears as a single system to its network clients and peers.

If you know how to manage a Tru64 UNIX system, you already know how to manage a TruCluster Server cluster because TruCluster Server extends single-system management capabilities to clusters. The SysMan Menu utilities provide an integrated view of the cluster environment, letting you manage a single member or the entire cluster.

For more information, see the TruCluster Server Cluster Technical Overview.

1.3.2    Logical Storage Manager

The Logical Storage Manager (LSM) software is an optional integrated, host-based disk storage management application that allows you to manage storage devices without disrupting users or applications accessing data on those storage devices. Among the features provided by LSM is concatenation, striping, mirroring, and RAID 5. You can perform LSM tasks using several graphical interface utilities, a menu-driven utility, or the LSM command line.

With the Version 5.1A release, the LSM graphical interface lsmsa has been enhanced to provide full AdvFS functionality and an extensive new help suite. Also called the LSM Storage Administrator, the lsmsa interface displays a hierarchical view of LSM objects, AdvFS domains, and their relationships. You use lsmsa to view and manage LSM objects and AdvFS domains on a local or remote (client) system.

The Version 5.1A release also removes some of the restrictions on LSM in a cluster. You can now place the cluster_root domain into an LSM volume with the new volmigrate command, and encapsulate cluster members' swap devices into LSM volumes with the new swap keyword to the volencap command. For more information see the Cluster Administration manual and the volmigrate(8) and volencap(8) reference pages.

For more information about LSM, see Section 2.3 or the Logical Storage Manager manual.

1.3.3    Advanced File System Utilities

The Advanced File System Utilities extend the high availability and flexibility of AdvFS. They provide a graphical user interface to help you do the following:

• Spend less time managing file systems

• Keep your data on line during routine maintenance

• Extend the capacity of your files

• Balance the percentage of space used on volumes

• Undelete files, stripe files, and clone files for hot backup

The graphical interface integrated with Performance Manager lets file system metrics pass from Advanced File System Utilities to Performance Manager. (See Section 2.5.3 for information about Performance Manager.)

1.3.4    Developer's Toolkit

The Developers' Toolkit is a prerequisite for all Compaq Tru64 UNIX development tools, languages, and environments. The Toolkit contains the following components:

• Compaq C for Tru64 UNIX, an ANSI conformant C compiler

• Debuggers (Ladebug, dbx)

• The Atom API

• Program analysis tools (profiling and performance analysis)

• Visual Threads (thread-related profiling and debugging)

• Porting Assistant

See Chapter 6 for more information.

1.3.5    Advanced Server for UNIX

The Advanced Server for UNIX software provides seamless interoperability between Tru64 UNIX servers, Windows NT and Windows 2000 servers, and Microsoft Windows clients. The Advanced Server enables a Tru64 UNIX system to run the services that make it appear as a Microsoft Advanced Server.

1.3.6    Multimedia Services

Multimedia Services software brings audio and video capabilities to Compaq Tru64 UNIX workstations and provides a full multimedia programming library for developers. The Multimedia Services Run-Time license is included with the base operating system.

1.3.7    Other Software

The following sections describe software that is not included with the Tru64 UNIX media kit, but can be separately obtained:

1.3.7.1    Internet Express for Tru64 UNIX

The software on the Internet Express for Tru64 UNIX CD-ROM provides commonly used Internet software, which has been compiled and configured to run on Tru64 UNIX AlphaServer systems. The Internet Express (formerly Open Source Internet Solutions) CD-ROM is packaged with AlphaServer systems and is separately orderable from Compaq.

The software package also provides administrative tools developed by Compaq to configure and manage Internet components. The following list describes some of the software included in the package:

• A collection of Open Source Internet software (binaries and sources), tested and qualified on Tru64 UNIX servers (Web, mail, news, directory, proxy, and streaming media), a database management system, security services, and tools for providing dynamic Web content.

• Automatic installation and configuration of Open Source Internet software.

• A collection of commercial Internet products, either full-function or evaluation copies.

• Compaq Secure Web Server (which is also included with the Tru64 UNIX kit. See Section 1.2.8.)

• Compaq Internet Monitor (Web-based quality-of-service tools).

• A Web-based administration utility to manage Internet services.

All software has been tested and certified to operate on a TruCluster Server. Visit the following Web site for more information about Internet Express for Tru64 UNIX:

http://tru64unix.compaq.com/internet/osis.htm

See also Section 1.2.10 for information about the Tru64 UNIX Open Source Software Collection CD-ROM.

1.3.7.2    Enterprise Toolkit for Visual Studio

The Enterprise Toolkit is a set of extensions or add-ins to Microsoft Visual Studio that support developing C, C++, and Fortran applications for Tru64 UNIX servers. With Compaq Enterprise Toolkit for Visual Studio, developers can use the popular Microsoft Visual Studio tool to develop, edit, compile, build, and debug applications for Tru64 UNIX or Windows from a single desktop.

You can create and manage basic UNIX applications or create more powerful and complex client/server and distributed applications, harnessing the power of 64-bit Tru64 UNIX Alpha technology with a single set of PC tools.

Additionally, the Compaq Enterprise Toolkit provides developers with a rich set of performance and memory analysis tools. The Enterprise Toolkit uses Visual Studio's documentation browser, the HTML Help Viewer, to provide access to UNIX and product documentation from the same window that developers view Windows documentation.

1.3.7.3    Source Materials Options

A source kit is available for users who need to retrieve and modify selected source modules, primarily for making highly specialized modifications.

1.4    Packaging

The Tru64 UNIX media kit contains the following CD-ROMs:

• Operating System

• Associated Products Volume 1

• Associated Products Volume 2

• Software Documentation

• Alpha Systems Firmware Update

• Open Source Software Collection (see Section 1.2.10)

Many of the associated products are optional subsets of the base operating system. Others (such as the Developer's Toolkit, TruCluster Server products, Logical Storage Manager, and Advanced Server for UNIX) are separately licensed products. See Section 1.3.7 for more information.

The media kit also contains printed to help you install, set up, and become familiar with your Tru64 UNIX operating system. See Section 1.4.1 for a list of the included documents.

If you purchase an Update Contract for the media, you receive the current versions of the operating system, associated products, and documentation CD-ROMs, in addition to any of the printed manuals in the Startup Documentation Kit that have changed since the last release.

1.4.1    Documentation

The following printed documentation ships with the Tru64 UNIX media kit:

• Release Notes for Version 5.1A

• Installation Guide

• Installation Guide -- Advanced Topics

• Update Installation Quick Reference Card

• Full Installation Quick Start

• Technical Overview

• TruCluster Server Cluster Technical Overview

• Quick Reference Card

• Documentation Overview

1.4.2    Licensing

Tru64 UNIX operating system software is furnished under the licensing of the Compaq Computer Corporation Standard Terms and Conditions.

In addition to the Operating System Base License, which is the prerequisite for all other licenses, there are four other types of operating system licenses available:

• Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) Extension to Base license

• Concurrent Use licenses

• Unlimited Interactive User licenses

• Hardware Partitioning license

  Tru64 UNIX provides the technology to support static hardware partitions only on certain servers. These hardware partitions allow multiple instances of the operating system, which increases flexibility in testing new versions and running multiple versions for applications. The use of Tru64 UNIX in hardware partitions requires a Tru64 UNIX Hardware Partitioning License for each additional partition. (See the System Administration manual for more information about hardware partitioning.)

For more information on these licenses, see the Tru64 UNIX Operating System QuickSpec (formerly called Software Product Description).