The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.

1 Character Sets *

1.1 KSC5601–1987 *

1.2 Unicode *

1.3 ISO/IEC 10646 *

2 Codesets and Codeset Conversion *

2.1 DEC Korean *

2.2 Korean EUC *

2.3 KSC5601 *

2.4 ISO-2022-KR *

2.5 UCS-4 *

2.6 UTF-8 *

2.7 Codeset Conversion *

2.8 Codeset for Peripheral Devices *

3 Locales *

3.1 Sorting Behaviour In Korean Locales *

4 Local Language Devices *

4.1 Terminals *

4.2 Printers *

5 Fonts *

5.1 DECwindows Fonts *

5.2 XLFD Font Names *

5.2.1 Bitmap Font Samples *

5.2.2 DECwindows Font Encoding *

5.2.3 Specifying Fonts in DECwindows Applications *

5.3 Outline Fonts *

5.3.1 XLFD Font Names of Korean Outline Fonts *

6 Keyboards *

6.1 Keyboard Layout *

7 Korean Input Methods *

7.1 Activating and Deactivating Korean Input Methods *

7.1.1 Character–Cell Terminal Applications *

7.1.2 DECwindows Motif Applications *

7.1.3 CDE Applications *

7.2 Switching Input Method *

7.3 DECwindows Motif Interface *

7.3.1 Input Areas *

7.3.2 Interaction Styles *

7.3.3 Operations of Input Server *

7.3.4 Options Menu *

7.3.5 Saving Your New Settings *

7.4 Hangul Input Method *

7.5 Hanja Input Method *

7.6 Row—Column Input Method *

7.7 Phrase Input Method *

8 Korean Printing Support *

8.1 Supported Printers *

8.1.1 Text Printers *

8.1.2 PostScript Printers *

8.2 Print File Formats *

8.3 Printing Features *

8.3.1 Font Faulting *

8.3.2 Software On-Demand Font Loading (SoftODL) *

8.3.3 Codeset Conversion *

8.3.4 Outline Fonts *

8.4 Commands and Daemons *

8.4.1 Country Specific Options of the lpr command *

8.4.2 PostScript Font Management Utility (pfsetup) *

8.4.3 Font Faulting Daemon (ffd) *

8.4.4 PrintServer Printing Command wwlpspr *

8.5 Korean Printing Setup *

8.5.1 Dot Matrix Printers *

8.5.2 DEClaser 1152 *

8.5.3 DEClaser 5100 *

8.5.4 PrintServer 17 *

9 Other Korean Features *

9.1 Hangul DECterm *

9.1.1 Creating Hangul DECterm *

9.1.2 Customizing DECterm *

9.1.3 Font Sizes *

9.1.4 Terminal ID *

9.1.5 Interaction Style *

9.1.6 Input Server *

9.1.7 Copying Information *

9.1.8 Default Character Set *

9.1.9 Korean Character Input/Output *

9.1.10 Reconnecting Input Server *

9.1.11 Other VT382–K Functionalities *

9.1.12 Special Characters in nroff *

Figure 1–1: KSC5601 Character Set *

Figure 2–1: Representations of ASCII and Two-Byte Characters *

Figure 2–2: Code Space for KSC5601-1987 *

Figure 5–1: Myungcho Font Sample *

Figure 5–2: Gotic Font Sample *

Figure 5–3: Korean Font Encoding Schemes *

Figure 6–1: LK201-K keyboard Layout *

Figure 6–2: LK401-K keyboard Layout *

Figure 7–1: Root Window Interaction Style *

Figure 7–2: Icon of Korean Input Window *

Figure 7–3: Off-The-Spot Interaction Style *

Figure 7–4: On-The-Spot Interaction Style *

Figure 7–5: Over-The-Spot Interaction Style *

Figure 7–6: Customization of Invocation Key Sequences *

Figure 8–1: Two-Channel Communication of the Font Faulting Mechanism *

Table 2–1: Codeset Conversion *

Table 2–2: Codeset Names *

Table 2–3: Feasible Korean Codeset for Applications, Terminals and Printers *

Table 3–1: Korean Locales *

Table 3–2: Korean Language Names *

Table 5–1: Korean Screen Fonts *

Table 5–2: XLFD of Miscellaneous Korean Screen Fonts *

Table 5–3: Korean DECwindows Font Encoding *

Table 5–4: Font Encoding Conversion *

Table 5–5: Korean Default Font List *

Table 7–1: Korean Input Method Invoking Key Sequences *

Table 7–2: Input Window Areas *

Table 7–3: Modifier State Customization *

Table 7–4: Saving Customized Attributes *

Table 8–1: pfsetup Options *

1. 
   Character Set

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   s

1. KSC5601–1987

1. ISO/IEC 10646

1. 
   Codesets and Codeset Conversio

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   n

1. DEC Korean

The ASCII and KSC5601-1987 character sets are combined to form the DEC Korean codeset, which is denoted as deckorean.

DEC Korean use a two-byte data representation for symbols and ideographic characters defined in KSC5601-1987. To differentiate KSC5601-1987 codes from ASCII codes, the most significant bit (MSB) of the first byte and the second byte of a KSC5601 character set is always set on.

Figure –1: Representations of ASCII and Two-Byte Characters

The first byte of a two-byte code determines its row number, while the second determines its column number.

The following formula illustrates the code of a two-byte KSC5601 character in relation to its row and column numbers.

1st byte = A0 + Row number

2nd byte = A0 + Column number

For example, if a character is positioned at the first column of the 36th row, its encoding value can be calculated as follows:

1st byte = A0 (hex) + 36 = C4 (hex)

2nd byte = A0 (hex) + 01 = A1 (hex)

that is, C4A1.

Figure –2: Code Space for KSC5601-1987

Figure 2–2 illustrates the division of a two-byte code space and the position of KSC5601-1987 characters.

2. Korean EUC

EUC (Extended UNIX Code) is the codeset system extended by AT&T Bell Laboratories for use by various countries in the world. Korean EUC is the EUC codeset for representing Korean data. The encoding of Korean EUC is currently identical to that of DEC Korean, and is denoted as eucKR.

3. KSC5601

KSC5601 is an alias of Korean EUC. It can be used in codeset conversion using the iconv utility.

4. ISO-2022-KR

1. UCS-4

UCS-4 is a standard character encoding for the universal character set specified in Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646. There are two encoding schemes for UCS. An implementation parses in 16-bit units (2 octets) is known as UCS-2. That is the canonical Unicode encoding in wide use on PC systems. Universal character encoding that an implementation parses in 32-bit units (4 octets) is known as UCS-4. This is the canonical ISO/IEC 10646 encoding that is in use on systems that can support larger data unit size.

The current version of DIGITAL UNIX supports UCS-4 but not UCS-2. UCS-4 can be used in codeset conversion and as locale variants. For codeset conversion, please see the later sections in this chapter. For locale variants, please see the chapter on Locales.

2. UTF-8

1. Codeset Conversion

The iconv utility provided by DIGITAL UNIX converts the encoding of characters in one codeset to another and writes the results to standard output. The following pairs of Korean codeset converters and provided:

Table –1: Codeset Conversion

	DEC Korean	Korean EUC	ISO-2022-KR	KSC5601	UCS-4	UTF-8
DEC Korean	-	Y	N	Y	Y	Y
Korean EUC	Y	-	Y	N	N	N
ISO-2022-KR	N	Y	-	Y	N	N
KSC5601	Y	N	Y	-	N	N
UCS-4	Y	N	N	N	-	Y
UTF-8	Y	N	N	N	Y	-

 

For example, you can type the following command to convert a DEC Korean file to a Korean EUC file:

% convert -f deckorean -t eucKR <file>

You can use the following strings for the various codesets as the parameters of the iconv utility:

Table –2: Codeset Names

Codeset	String
DEC Korean	deckorean
Korean EUC	eucKR
ISO-2022-KR	ISO-2022-KR, iso-2022-kr
KSC5601	KSC5601
Universal Codeset	UCS-4
Universal Transfer Format	UTF-8

 

2. Codeset for Peripheral Devices

1. 
   Locale

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   s

DIGITAL UNIX supports the following Korean locales:

Table –1: Korean Locales

Codeset	Locale
DEC Korean	ko_KR ko_KR@ucs4 ko_KR.deckorean ko_KR.deckorean@ucs4
Korean EUC	ko_KR.eucKR

 

The modifier ucs4 indicates that UCS-4 is used as the internal processing code, hence all UCS-4 compliant routines are applicable. The classification information, however, is not provided for the full set of UCS-4 characters, but only for the corresponding language.

If you are using DECwindows Motif, you can select the locale through the Language Menu of Session Manager. If you are using CDE, you can select the locale using the language menu on CDE login screen. The applicable locales are:

Table –2: Korean Language Names

Locale	Language Name
ko_KR	Korean
ko_KR.deckorean	Korean (DEC Korean)
ko_KR.eucKR	Korean (EUC)

 

1. Sorting Behaviour In Korean Locales

1. 
   Local Language Device

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   s
1. Terminals

DIGITAL UNIX supports the VT382-K Korean terminal. Hangul DECterm is the emulation of the VT382-K Korean terminal which provides compatible functionalities for running Korean character-cell terminal applications. For the details of Hangul DECterm, please see Chapter 9 Other Korean Features.

2. Printers

1. 
   Font

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   s
1. DECwindows Fonts

DIGITAL UNIX provides the following Korean DECwindows fonts in various sizes and typefaces for 75 dpi (dot-per-inch) display devices:

Table –1: Korean Screen Fonts

Typefaces	Glyth Size	Bounding Box	Remarks
Screen	15 x 16 22 x 22	16 x 18 24 x 24	Mandatory font Mandatory font
Myungcho	15 x 16 22 x 22 30 x 30	16 x 16 24 x 24 32 x 32	Optional font Optional font Optional font
Gotic	15 x 16 22 x 22	16 x 16 24 x 24	Optional font Optional font

 

In addition to these Korean fonts, several miscellaneous fonts are also provided for use in Hangul DECterm and toolkit.

The mandatory fonts will be available once you have installed the Korean variant. Other fonts are optional and they are available only if you install the optional Korean font subset IOSKOFONTP*. If you could not find the optional fonts on your system, please contact your system administrator.

No 100 dpi Korean fonts are provided in the kit. To allow you to use the Korean fonts on 100 dpi display devices, a font alias file is provided to map the 75 dpi font names to the respective 100 dpi font names.

2. XLFD Font Names

1. Bitmap Font Samples

Figures 5-1 and 5-2 illustrate samples of the two families of Korean fonts.

Figure –1: Myungcho Font Sample

Figure –2: Gotic Font Sample

2. DECwindows Font Encoding

The MIT's X Window System defines two encodings for the KSC5601-1987 character set:

Table –3: Korean DECwindows Font Encoding

Encoding	Character Set Registry
GL	KSC5601.1987-0
GR	KSC5601.1987-1

 

Figure –3: Korean Font Encoding Schemes

Different vendors may adopt different encoding schemes to produce their fonts. The Korean DECwindows fonts supplied by DIGITAL are all in GR encoding.

To allow you to run applications on third-party workstations on which only GL encoded fonts are installed, the DIGITAL implementation of X11R6 Xlib supports the conversion of GR encoding to GL encoding for text drawing and measurement.

Table –4: Font Encoding Conversion

From	To
ksc5601.1987-1	ksc5601.1987-0

 

For details, please see Writing Software for the International Market.

3. Specifying Fonts in DECwindows Applications

1. Outline Fonts

• displaying through Display PostScript. You can view PostScript files with Korean characters using CDA Viewer or through the Display PostScript extension.

1. XLFD Font Names of Korean Outline Fonts

1. 
   Keyboard

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   s

1. Keyboard Layout

1. 
   Korean Input Method

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   s

1. Activating and Deactivating Korean Input Methods
1. Character–Cell Terminal Applications

 

For character-cell terminal applications, implementation of Korean input methods is provided by the firmware of the VT382-K Korean terminal or incorporated in the terminal emulation software, such as Hangul DECterm. Applications need not provide any codes for handling the input of Korean characters. They can rely on the VT382-K terminal or Hangul DECterm to provide the input method services.

Hangul DECterm can be regarded as one of the DECwindows Motif applications. Therefore, the activating and de-activating methods will follow those of DECwindows Motif as discussed in the next section.

For the VT382-K terminal, the input mode can be selected using the [Compose] key which is located on the lower-left side of the main keyboard. On the Korean version of LK201 or LK401 keyboard (i.e. LK201-K or LK401-K), the [Compose] key is labeled as ¡°Çѱۡ±. For details, please see Chapter 6.

Once the Korean input mode is activated, the firmware of the VT382-K terminal or the input methods incorporated in Hangul DECterm will take care of the procedures for composing Korean characters and return the input data as appropriate.

2. DECwindows Motif Applications

• Using Command

1. CDE Applications

1. Switching Input Method

You can select the Korean input mode using the following key sequences:

Table –1: Korean Input Method Invoking Key Sequences

Input Method	VT382-K	LK201	DECwindows Motif LK401
Hangul	[Compose]	<Compose/Space>	[Compose]
Hanja	<Shift/Compose>	<Shift/Compose/Space>	<Shift/Compose>
Row-Column	<Ctrl/Compose>	<Ctrl/Compose/Space>	<Ctrl/Compose>
Phrase	—	[F6]	[F6]

 

Note

The invoking sequences can be customized through the Options menu provided by the input server.

2. DECwindows Motif Interface

You can interact with the Korean input server through a Motif-style user-interface. This interface allows an input method to provide feedback of the data being edited to compose a character, list out choices for selection, provide options for customizing the input server, and so on.

1. Input Areas

According to the X Input Method specification, three input areas are defined:

Table –2: Input Window Areas

Region	Description
Auxiliary area	An option menu is provided for you to customize the Korean input methods and the input method window.
Status area	This area displays the internal state of the Korean input methods that is critical to you.
Pre-edit area	This area displays the intermediate text that are being composed. This area also provides a lookup region to display a list of valid candidates for the input key sequences.

 

2. Interaction Styles

1. Root Window

You can choose the root window interaction style if you want to display the pre-edit data in a separate input window which lies outside the application window.

The input window is scalable and movable so that you can modify its size and position to meet your preferences. If you want to free up more screen space, you can iconize the input method window. Beyond this, you can also choose to display pre-edited data in vertical or horizontal layout.

Figure –1: Root Window Interaction Style

If you are an experienced user, you may not need to perform input by looking at the pre-edit area. In this case, you can iconize the input window and the performance will be better.

Figure –2: Icon of Korean Input Window

When the input window is iconized, you can continue to input Korean characters through a Korean application window. To let you know the input status without popping up the input window again, the input state will be displayed on the icon title which will be updated according to the input mode and the input focus. If you want to see the pre-edit data, you can double click the icon to display the input window again.

2. Off-The-Spot

If you want to display the pre-edit data in a fixed location of the application window, you can choose the off-the-spot interaction style. By selecting this interaction style, the Korean input server will create the input window at the bottom of the application window. In this case, you don't need to refer to the root window any more and you can iconize it to save screen area.

Figure –3: Off-The-Spot Interaction Style

3. On-The-Spot

If you want to focus your attention at the point of insertion during Korean data input, you can choose the on-the-spot interaction style. In this style, the Korean input server directs your applications to display the pre-edit data in a way which is consistent with the appearance of the existing data in the input field. For instance, an application can select the font size and typeface to display the pre-edit data and control how the data is highlighted. Formatting of existing data can also be performed to allow the pre-edit data to be displayed at the insertion point.

Figure –4: On-The-Spot Interaction Style

4. Over-The-Spot

• Use the command line option -xrm to specify the resource value when you start an application. For example, the following command will start Cardfiler with the root window interaction style:

• Use the Session Manager's Options menu in XDM

1. Operations of Input Server

When you start the Korean input server, there is no application connected to it and the string "No Connection" is displayed in the title bar to indicate the state. When an internationalized application is started in a Korean locale and gets focused, the string “영문 :” will be displayed on the status area, indicating that the application is connected to the Korean input server and the input mode is English. If you invoke a Korean input method, the input state displayed on the status area and the title bar will be updated accordingly. If you change the input focus to a non-internationalized application window, the title of the input window will change to "No Connection" again.

The input server can maintain individual state of composing for different input contexts or application windows. In addition, under the root window interaction style, each application window can be associated with its own attributes, such as font size, font style, line spacing and foreground/background colors. You can set the input focus to an application window and then compose a Korean character or customize the input window in the way that you prefer. The input server can memorize the composing state and input your window attributes. When this application window gets the input focus next time, the input server can restore the original composing state and attributes. Also, the input window will rise to the top to get your attention.

2. Options Menu

1. Vertical Layout （수직 레이아웃）

You can choose this option only if the current layout is horizontal. When this option is selected, the input window and the layout of its contexts immediately display in a vertical manner. The vertical input window will remain at the same origin.

2. Horizontal Layout （수평 레이아웃）

You can choose this option only if the current layout is vertical. When this option is selected, the input window and the layout of its context immediately display in a horizontal manner. The horizontal input window will remain at the same origin.

3. Select Phrase Input Class （구문 입력 등급 선 택）

This option is provided for customizing the phrase input mode. In this release, DECwindows Motif will share the same phrase databases created and managed by the DIGITAL UNIX Phrase Utility. Once you have created a phrase database and defined your phrase definitions, both character-cell terminal applications and DECwindows Motif applications can use the data for phrase input. In order to use the phrase databases, the environment variable LANG must be set to reflect the required codeset, e.g. ko_KR.deckorean. For the details about the Phrase Utility and phrase definition file, please see Writing Software for the International Market.

The Select Phrase Input Class option allows you to focus on a particular class of phrases during phrase input. When you select this option, a dialog box will pop up and you can select the phrase class that you want to use.

If you want to select all classes, you can pick up the "*" option. If you do this, the phrase input method will search all classes of phrase definitions for the phrase code that you have entered. When there are more than one phrases that match the phrase definition, a list box will be popped up. You can choose the right phrase definition by double clicking on the item in the list box.

4. User Phrase Database （사용자 구문 데이터베 이스）

The Phrase Input method allows you to access two phrase definition databases: the system phrase database and the user phrase database. The former is for public access by all users using your system. It should be created and modified by your system administrator only. You can also create and maintain your own private phrase database for storing your frequently used phrases. This is called the user phrase database.

Note

The databases that you can access are the ones available on the system that you start your Korean input server on.

For the details of creating phrase database, please see Writing Software for the International Market.

If you select this option, your private user phrase database will be used.

5. System Phrase Database （시스템 구문 데이터 베이스）

If you select this option, the system phrase database will be chosen.

6. Current Window （현재 창）

• Font Size

The Korean input server can display pre-edit data on more than one text lines. Usually, this may happen when a list of candidates is displayed for your selection. You can adjust the spacing between these text lines using the Line Spacing option. With this option, you can specify the line spacing in pixel value. To adjust the line spacing, you can drag the Line Spacing slider (labeled as “행 띄기”) or move the pointer to a desired position on the slider and click MB1.

1. Input Method Customization （입력 방법 설 정）

When one of the invocation key sequences is selected, say the “한글 입력 종료” (End Input Method) key sequence, the state of the toggle switches and the trigger key displayed at the bottom of the dialog box will be updated to reflect the current value. Also, the label at the bottom left-hand side will be changed to “한글 입력 종료”.

1. Help （도움말）

This option provides on-line information on the Korean input server.

2. Quit （중지）

1. Saving Your New Settings

All attributes which can be customized with “현재 창” (Current Window) and “입력 방법 설정” (Input Method Customization) can be saved into a resource file. You can choose to save the current settings into a private resource file in your login directory. To reset or save the current settings, you can choose the following options inside each customization window:

1. Hangul Input Method

Hangul characters are the most commonly used characters in Korea today. Each Hangul character represents one syllable. It is made up of a number of phonetic symbols called "Jamo". There are altogether 22 Jamos for composing Hangul characters and they can be entered through the keys on the main keyboard, as illustrated in Chapter 6

The input sequence of Jamos should follow that of the pronounced syllables. The first Jamo input should always be a consonant. To enter a Hangul character, invoke the Hangul input method by pressing the respective key sequence and then enter the phonemes of the desired Hangul character.

For example, the string “한글” can be input using the Hangul method as follows:

Hangul Character	Key Sequence	Composition
한	[G],[K],[S]	ㅎ,하,한
글	[R],[M],[F]	ㄱ,그,글

 

To enter these characters, invoke the Hangul input method and then press [G] to enter the element “ㅎ”for “한”.

$ ㅎ

한 글

When you press [K] to enter the element “ㅏ”, the element will be composed with “ㅎ” to form “하”.

$ 하

한 글

When you press [S] to enter the element “ㄴ”, the element will be composed with “하” to form “한”.

$ 한

 

한 글

 

To enter “글”, simply repeat the previous steps by pressing , , .

$ 한글

 

한 글

 

2. Hanja Input Method

The word "Hanja" is equivalent to "Chinese Character". To enter Hanja characters, you should first enter the corresponding Hangul characters which represent their pronunciation and then convert them to Hanja characters.

To enter a Hanja character, invoke the Hangul input method and enter the Hangul character that represents its pronunciation. Before sending the character to the application, press the respective key sequence to invoke the Hanja input method. A list of Hanja characters corresponding to the pronunciation will be displayed on the pre-edit area for selection. To select the desired character, press the numeric key associated with the character on the main keyboard.

For example, the string “韓國” can be input using the Hanja input method as follows:

Hanja	Pronunciation	Key Sequence	Composition
韓	한	[G],[K],[S]	ㅎ, 하, 한
國	극	[R],[N],[R]	ㄱ, 구, 국

 

To enter the Hanja character “韓”, invoke the Hangul input method and enter the corresponding Hangul character “한” by pressing [G], [K], [S].

$ 한

 

한 글

 

Then, invoke the Hanja mode.

$ 한

번호 선택 1.寒 2.恨 3.悍 4.旱 5.汗 6.漢 7.澣 7.瀚 9.罕 →

The “→” sign indicates that there are more candidates available for selection. To see the candidates on the next row, press [Space] or the right arrow key.

$ 한

번호 선택 1.翰 2.閑 3.閒 4.限 5.韓

To move backward, press <Shift/Space> or the left arrow key.

To select the candidate you want, press the numeric key associated with the character. In this example, press [5].

$ 韓

한 글

Similarly, you can press [R], [N], [R] to compose “국” and then invoke the Hanja input method to convert “국” to “國”.

Once you have completed the input of a character, the Hanja input mode will exit and return to the original input mode.

3. Row—Column Input Method

As described in Chapter 1, each character in the KSC5601-1987 character set is assigned a position in the character plane and can be uniquely identified by this position. You can enter Korean characters by specifying the row number and the column number of the desired character.

When the Row-Column Mode is invoked, the following message will be displayed on the pre-edit area.

행렬코드 입력 : _

When you enter the row-column code, the input data will be echoed on the preedit area. Only the numeric keys are the valid keys for the Row-Column input method.

행렬코드 입력 : 0264_

The data can be in the following format:

Types of format	Format	Example	Remark
4 Digit	XXYY	0263	KS Code
5 Digit	0XXYY	00263	KS Code
5 Digit	1XXYY	10263	DEC Extension

 

where XX is the row number and YY is the column number.

The Korean character will be sent to the application after a valid four-digit or five-digit code is entered and then [Return] or [Enter] is pressed.

For example, the row-column code of “한” is 3949. To enter this character using the Row-Column input method, invoke the input method, then press [3] [9] [4] [9] and [Return], and you will get “한”.

$

핸련 코드 입력:

Alternatively, if you enter a two-digit row number and then press [Enter] or [Return], a list of characters which belong to the corresponding row will be displayed for selection. You can select the desired character from the list of candidates.

4. Phrase Input Method

1. 
   Korean Printing Suppor

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   t

This chapter introduces the Korean printing support provided by DIGITAL UNIX. It describes the supported printers, the print file formats, features, and the maintenance procedures for supporting Korean printing.

1. Supported Printers
1. Text Printers

The DIGITAL UNIX supports text printers with built-in Korean fonts.

2. PostScript Printers

1. Print File Formats

1. Printing Features
1. Font Faulting

1. Software On-Demand Font Loading (SoftODL)

1. Codeset Conversion

The DIGITAL UNIX includes a codeset conversion mechanism to print text files that have a different codeset from the one used by the printer. For printers with built-in or downloaded Korean fonts, the codeset of the printer should be defined to match the codeset of the built-in fonts. For printers using the font faulting mechanism, the codeset of the printer should be defined to match the codeset of the font to be loaded.

2. Outline Fonts

1. Commands and Daemons

Before users are able to utilize the printing features supported by , there are some commands and daemons that should be understood. This section discusses them in details and the next section will illustrate how they are used for configuration.

1. Country Specific Options of the lpr command

In addition to the common options of the lpr command, a new option -A is added to pass the country specific parameters. The parameters found in this -A option can also be set as defaults in the /etc/printcap file by the ya capability. For example, the parameters can be specified in the -A option as:

The same set of parameters, when defined in /etc/printcap, would like:

The parameters supplied by the -A option of the lpr command will overrides the corresponding default values in the /etc/printcap file.

1. PostScript Font Management Utility (pfsetup)

A PostScript font management utility, pfsetup, is provided for setting up print queues to use the font faulting mechanism. This utility has the following syntax:

pfsetup [-s] [-d] [queue_name...]

Table –1: pfsetup Options

Option	Description
-s	setup mode - this option allows you to setup lists of fonts to be downloaded
-d	download mode - this option download fonts to printers according to the lists prepared with the -s option

 

If you do not specify any option, pfsetup displays the information of the print queues that have been setup with this utility. If you do not specify any particular queue name, pfsetup will process every applicable queue.

In the setup mode, pfsetup displays all PostScript printer fonts available on the system and prompts you for selecting the fonts or font headers to be downloaded onto individual print queues.

% /usr/sbin/pfsetup -s

===================================================

Printer queue: lp1 | 1 | d1152w

No font has been setup for downloading in queue lp1

These are fonts available in your system for downloading.
Fonts chosen for downloading are marked with *

1 Hei-Light-CNS11643 2 Sung-Light-CNS11643
3 Hei-GB2312-80 4 XiSong-GB2312-80
5 Munjo 6 AngsanaUPC-Bold@
7 AngsanaUPC-BoldItalic@ 8 AngsanaUPC-Italic
9 AngsanaUPC-Light 10 CordiaUPC-Bold
11 CordiaUPC-BoldItalic 12 CordiaUPC-Italic
13 CordiaUPC-Light 14 EucrosiaUPC-Bold
15 EucrosiaUPC-BoldItalic 16 EucrosiaUPC-Italic
17 EucrosiaUPC-Light 18 FreesiaUPC-Bold
19 FreesiaUPC-BoldItalic 20 FreesiaUPC-Italic
21 Freesia UPC-Light 22 IrisUPC-Bold
23 IrisUPC-BoldItalic 24 IrisUPC-Italic
25 IrisUPC-Light 26 jasmineUPC-Bold

[C]ontinue | [S]etup | [L]ist fonts | [Q]uit | [N]ext queue <c>


The following is an explanation of the action keys:

Key	Action
[C]ontinue	display a further font listins
[S]etup	proceed to setup
[L]ist fonts	list fonts again
[Q]uit	quit pfsetup
[N]ext queue	proceed to the next queue

 

If you choose "s", you will see another prompt:

[A]dd fonts | [R]emove fonts | [L]ist fonts | [Q]uit | [N]ext queue <N>

In response to the prompt, you can enter "a" to add fonts to or "r" to delete fonts from the list for a print queue. The fonts that you have selected will be highlighted with an asterisk "*" at the end of the font names.

Note

The fonts on this list varies according to the language variants that have been installed on your system.

To download the fonts or font headers selected in the setup mode, you can use the pfsetup utility with the -d option.

For fonts of ideographical character sets, the pfsetup utility will only download their font headers. Font data defining their font glyths will be downloaded only on an as-needed basis through the font faulting mechanism. This saves memory of the printers. For single-byte fonts, it will download the entire fonts onto printers for efficiency.

2. Font Faulting Daemon (ffd)

To handle font faulting requests from a PostScript printer with the two channel approach as DEClaser 1152 (see below), the font faulting daemon, ffd, needs to be running on your system. When it receives a font data request, it will extract the required font glyth data from the specified font and send it to the printer through the secondary channel.

If you have just configured a print queue, which makes use of the two channel approach, or modified the secondary channel of a print queue, you have to restart the font faulting daemon.

To restart the font faulting daemon, you have to log in as a superuser and stop the existing font faulting daemon with the following command:

% /sbin/init.d/ffserver stop

To start the font faulting daemon, you can use:

% /sbin/init.d/ffserver

3. PrintServer Printing Command wwlpspr

To fully utilize the features of PrintServer 17 like two-sided printing, multiple pages per side, it is necessary to use the command lpspr provided by PrintServer Software for DIGITAL UNIX V5.0 or later. This command, however, does not provide the features like locales and font for printing text files. To facilitate users for printing files to PrintServer 17, a unified command wwlpspr is provided in DIGITAL UNIX.

The wwlpspr command is a front end program to parse the parameters passed by users, and then call different commands like print filter, lpr, lpspr with the appropriate command. This provides user with a unified interface.

For the detail options provided by wwlpspr, please refer to the corresponding manpage wwlpspr(1).

1. Korean Printing Setup
1. Dot Matrix Printers

1. Add a printer using lprsetup with one of the la380k or dl510ka printer.
2. In response to the question:
   
   Do you want to enable ODL? [n]
   
   Answer "y" if you want ODL printing, and "n" if not.
3. The default ODL database and style will be used. If you want to change these defaults, please modify ya capability after the prompt:
   
   Enter symbol name:
   
   In response to the prompt:
   
   Enter a new value for symbol 'ya'? ["plocale=ko_KR.deckorean"]
   
   please answer
   
   "plocale=ko_KR.deckorean odldb=<path to the default ODL db> odlstyle=<default ODL style>"
   
   Please do not forget the double quote around the parameters, and replace the plocale with the value found in the previous prompt, and the default ODL path and style with the suitable one.

To print Korean text files to print queues connected to these dot matrix printers, simply use the lpr command. Users can either set the LANG environment variable or use the -A option to denote the codeset of the text files. For example, the following command will print the file prepared in Korean EUC codeset.

Users can override the default ODL path by including the odldb and odlstyle options in the -A option of their lpr command. For example, the following command will use the ODL database in /usr/priv/odl.

1. DEClaser 1152

An 8 pin Din to 6 Pos MMJ Adapter (part number: -H8584-AB) is needed to convert the Apple-talk interface on the printer to be the secondary channel used by the font-faulting mechanism. The baud rate of the secondary inter face should match the value of $BAUD in /sbin/init.d/ffserver. By default, this value is 9600.

1. Add a printer using lprsetup and select dl1152w as the printer type.
2. If this machine is the font faulting server for the printer, answer "y" to the following question:
   
   Do you want to configure this machine as font faulting server for the DEClaser 1152 printer? One and only one font faulting server should be configured for every DEClaser 1152 employing font faulting mechanism. [n]
   
   And then enter the full path name of the port used for connecting the secondary channel for the ya capability.
3. In response to the question:
   
   Do you want to set up the printer codeset or default font for printing non-Ascii text? If your answer is 'y', please consult printcap.4 for the parameters. *** Remember to enclose the parameters with a pair of double quotes. [n]
   
   Answer "y" and then type the following:
   
   "plocale=ko_KR.deckorean font=Munjo"
   
4. Use the pfsetup command to download the fonts. For greatest efficiency, download the Korean font, plus the most frequently used single-byte fonts. The printer has access to the fonts that are not manually downloaded, but there is overhead for dynamically downloading fonts.
5. If you have configured this machine as the font faulting host, issue the following commands to notify the font faulting daemon about the new printer:
   
   % /sbin/init.d/ffserver stop
   % /sbin/init.d/ffserver start
   
   Users need to enter these commands only after adding or modifying the printer queue. The next time the server is rebooted, the font-faulting daemon can locate the printer automatically.
6. Everytime when the font faulting server or the DEClaser 1152 is re-started, users should use pfsetup to download the fonts again.

For the details of the font faulting daemon and the pfsetup utility, please see the section Commands and Daemons.

To print Korean text files to print queues connected to DEClaser 1152, simply use the lpr command. Users can either set the LANG environment variable or use the -A option to denote the codeset of the text files. For example, the following command will print the file prepared in Korean EUC codeset.

Users can override the default plocale and font setting in /etc/printcap using the -A option of lpr, but they should make sure the font being used is matching the codeset of the plocale.

1. DEClaser 5100

1. Add a printer using lprsetup and select dl5100w as the printer type.
2. In response to the question:
   
   Do you want to set up the printer codeset or default font for printing non-Ascii text? If your answer is 'y', please consult printcap.4 for the parameters. *** Remember to enclose the parameters with a pair of double quotes.
   [n]
   
   Answer "y" and then type the following:
   
   "plocale=ko_KR.deckorean font=Munjo"
   
3. Use the pfsetup command to download the fonts. For greatest efficiency, download all fonts that you expect the printer to need, because any fonts not manually downloaded are not accessible to the printer.
4. Downloading is done only once, until the font is removed or the hard disk is reformatted.

For the details of the pfsetup utility, please see the section Commands and Daemons.

To print Korean text files to print queues connected to DEClaser 5100, simply use the lpr command. Users can either set the LANG environment variable or use the -A option to denote the codeset of the text files. For example, the following command will print the file prepared in Korean EUC codeset.

Users can override the default plocale and font setting in /etc/printcap using the -A option of lpr, but they should make sure the font being used is matching the codeset of the plocale.

1. PrintServer 17

1. Install the PrintServer Software for DIGITAL UNIX V5.0 or later. This is a layer product purchased separately. Please refer to the corresponding installation guide for installing and configuring the PrintServer software.
2. If you want to define default printer codeset or default font for printing Korean text, use lprsetup or manually update the /etc/printcap file to include the ya option. Add the following:
   
   :ya="plocale=ko_KR.deckorean font=Munjo":\
   
3. Use the pfsetup command to define the fonts to be downloaded. For greatest efficiency, download Korean font, plus the most frequently used single-byte fonts. The printer has access to the fonts that are not manually downloaded, but there is overhead for dynamically downloading fonts.
   
   Please note that the pfsetup should be executed in the Configuration Host of the PrintServer Printer. After executing pfsetup, restart the Management Client and the new configuration will be effective. Please refer to the document on PrintServer Software for V5.0 or later for further details.
4. Power-off the PrintServer 17 and then power-on. The fonts defined in step 3 will be automatically downloaded.
5. Hereafter, everytime the PrintServer 17 is restarted, the fonts will be downloaded automatically. Hence pfsetup is executed once only as long as there is no modification to the configuration.

For the details of the pfsetup utility, please see the section Commands and Daemons.

To print Korean text files to print queues connected to PrintServer 17, use the wwlpspr command. Users can either set the LANG environment variable or use the -A option to pass denote the codeset of the text files. For example, the following command will print the file prepared in Korean EUC codeset.

Users can override the default plocale and font setting in /etc/printcap using the -A option of wwlpspr, but they should make sure the font being used is matching the codeset of the plocale.

1. 
   Other Korean Feature

   ---

   s
1. Hangul DECterm

1. Creating Hangul DECterm

The terminal type that DECterm will emulate is sensitive to the session language.

To create a Hangul DECterm through Session Manager, you can set the session language to one of the Korean locales, and then select DECterm from the Applications menu of Session Manager.

Alternatively, you can use the -xnllanguage qualifier to specify the terminal type of the DECterm to create. For example, you can use ko_KR.deckorean as the value for -xnllanguage to create a Hangul DECterm:

% /usr/bin/X11/dxterm -xnllanguage \
ko_KR.deckorean

If you specify an unknown value for -xnllanguage, then ISO Latin-1 DECterm will be assumed. If no Korean font exists, it will also fallback to ISO Latin-1 DECterm.

The user interface language of Hangul DECterm always follows the terminal type. The language is independent of the language selection.

2. Customizing DECterm

You may apply to your Hangul DECterm windows any of the customization features that are currently applicable to the ISO Latin-1 DECterm window except for the customization of the NRCS character sets.

Customized features can be saved and restored in the same way as in ISO Latin-1 DECterm.

3. Font Sizes

Choosing Big Font or Little Font option from Window... of the Options menu will let you choose either the 24x24 or 16x18 Korean fonts.

4. Terminal ID

1. Interaction Style

Choosing Input Method... from the Options menu will allow you to select the interaction style for Hangul DECterm. For example, if you want to select the root window interaction style, you can click on the Root Window button and then apply the change. If you click on the ISO Latin 1 Input button, Hangul DECterm will disable the input of Korean data until another style is selected.

2. Input Server

Choosing Input Method... from the Options menu also allows you to switch to use another input server for Hangul DECterm. By default, the Korean input server is used. To select another input server, you can click on the Other button and then enter the input server name on the input field.

3. Copying Information

You can choose the Edit menu to copy information within or between DECterm windows. The Cut-and-Paste operation is enhanced to handle mixed ASCII and Korean characters.

4. Default Character Set

Korean DECterm supports KSC5601-1987 and all character sets supported by the ISO Latin-1 DECterm.

ISO Latin-1 DECterm uses the DEC Multinational Character Set (MCS) as the default character set. This can be overridden by choosing other options in General... from the Options menu. For Hangul DECterm, the default character set for 8-bit data is the Hangul character set KSC5601-1987.

In general, Hangul DECterm cannot display mixed MCS (or ISO Latin-1 Supplemental Graphic Characters) and Hangul characters. If you really want to achieve this function, you can output the data together with the designated character set escape sequences.

5. Korean Character Input/Output

You can enter Korean characters in Hangul DECterm by invoking any of the Korean input modes as described in Chapter . Mixed ASCII and Korean characters can be displayed properly in Hangul DECterm without any special settings.

6. Reconnecting Input Server

The Hangul input server provides the Hangul character input capability. If this process does not exist or terminates for some reasons, a message "Hangul input method does not exist" will display. You can restart the input server again and then use the Reset Terminal option from the Commands menu to reconnect the Hangul DECterm to the input server.

7. Other VT382–K Functionalities

1. Special Characters in nroff

1. Text line wrapping
2. Korean text, just like English text, uses space characters to separate between words or as break points for text line wrapping. Also, a Korean text line can be broken between any two consecutive Korean characters, with the following exceptions:
   
   a. Some Korean characters cannot be placed at the beginning of a text line. They are called no-first characters.
   
   、。·‥…¨〃­―∥＼∼’”〕〉》」』】
   ！＂＇），－．：；＞？］＾＿｀｝
   
   b. Some Korean characters cannot be placed at the end of a text line. They are called no-last characters.
   
   ∼‘“〔〈《「『【（＜［｛
   
   c. Some English characters are also handled similarly according to this rule.
   
   No-first English characters: ! ) , . : ; > ? ] )
   
   No-last English characters: ( < [ (
   
   Right justification
   
   To justify the right margin of a paragraph, nroff inserts space characters at proper break points. For English, space characters are usually inserted at word breaks. For Korean, space characters will only be inserted at the following places:
   
   a. before a can-space-before character if it is not placed at the beginning of a text line.
   
   、。’”〕〉》」』】！＂＇），＞］？｝
   
   b. after a can-space-after character if it is not placed at the end of a text line
   
   ‘“〔〈《「『【（＜［｛