| About this Manual |
| Audience |
| Organization |
| Related Documents |
| Reader's Comments |
| Conventions |
| 1 | Introduction |
| 1 | Introduction to Migrating from ULTRIX to DIGITAL UNIX Systems |
| 1.1 | DIGITAL UNIX Features Unavailable on ULTRIX Systems |
| 1.1.1 | OSF/1 Kernel |
| 1.1.2 | Real-Time Kernel |
| 1.1.3 | Standards Compliance |
| 1.1.4 | Shared Libraries |
| 1.1.5 | Per-Process Open File Descriptors |
| 1.1.6 | Logical Storage Manager |
| 1.1.7 | Streams Kernel Mechanism |
| 1.1.8 | Memory-Mapped Files |
| 1.1.9 | Sixty-Four Bit Data Types and Addresses |
| 1.1.10 | Security Integration Architecture |
| 1.2 | Features Common to ULTRIX and DIGITAL UNIX Systems |
| 1.2.1 | User Applications, Commands, and Shells |
| 1.2.2 | Development Tools |
| 1.2.3 | File Systems |
| 1.2.4 | System and Network Administration Tools |
| 1.2.5 | Data Interoperability |
| 1.2.6 | Symmetric Multiprocessing |
| 1.3 | ULTRIX Features Unavailable on DIGITAL UNIX Systems |
| 1.4 | Migrating from ULTRIX to DIGITAL UNIX Systems |
| 1.4.1 | Migrating as a User |
| 1.4.2 | Migrating Your System and Network Administration Environment |
| 1.4.3 | Migrating Your Application |
| 1.4.3.1 | Migrating Source Code |
| 1.4.3.2 | Migrating Executables |
| 2 | Migrating Your User Environment |
| 2 | Overview of the DIGITAL UNIX User Environment |
| 2.1 | Differences in the DIGITAL UNIX DECwindows Interface |
| 2.2 | Differences in the DIGITAL UNIX Directory Structure |
| 2.3 | Differences in User Applications and Commands |
| 2.4 | Differences in Shells |
| 2.4.1 | Differences in the C Shell |
| 2.4.2 | Differences in the Korn Shell |
| 2.4.3 | Differences in the Bourne Shell |
| 2.5 | Differences in Security Features |
| 3 | Migrating Your ULTRIX User Environment to a DIGITAL UNIX System |
| 3.1 | Setting Environment Variables |
| 3.1.1 | Setting the C Shell filec and PATH Environment Variables |
| 3.1.2 | Setting the Bourne Shell PATH Environment Variable |
| 3.1.3 | Setting International Environment Variables |
| 3.1.3.1 | Setting the Environment Variable for Messages |
| 3.1.3.2 | Setting the Environment Variables for Data Handling |
| 3.2 | Migrating Shell Scripts |
| 3.2.1 | Modifying Commands Used in Scripts |
| 3.2.2 | Migrating Korn Shell Scripts |
| 3.2.3 | Migrating C Shell Scripts |
| 3.2.4 | Migrating sh Shell Scripts |
| 3.2.5 | Migrating sh5 Shell Scripts |
| 3 | Migrating Your System and Network Administration Environment |
| 4 | Overview of DIGITAL UNIX System and Network Administration |
| 4.1 | Installation and System Setup |
| 4.2 | Available System Setup Scripts |
| 4.3 | System Customization Files |
| 4.4 | System Configuration |
| 4.5 | System Security Features |
| 4.6 | Print Services |
| 4.7 | Terminal Capability Handling |
| 4.8 | Disk and File System Maintenance Features |
| 4.8.1 | DIGITAL UNIX Directory Structure |
| 4.8.2 | Differences in Creating a UNIX File System |
| 4.8.3 | Differences in Checking a UNIX File System |
| 4.8.4 | Differences in Mounting and Unmounting a File System |
| 4.8.5 | Differences in Monitoring File System Use |
| 4.8.6 | Specifying Disk Quotas |
| 4.8.7 | Differences in Setting Up and Maintaining NFS Software |
| 4.8.8 | Differences in Partitioning Disks |
| 4.9 | Event-Logging Features |
| 4.10 | Disk Shadowing Facilities |
| 4.10.1 | Logical Storage Manager |
| 4.10.2 | Logical Volume Manager |
| 4.11 | Networking Support |
| 4.11.1 | TCP/IP Network Management Commands |
| 4.11.2 | Simple Network Management Protocol Agent |
| 4.12 | Local Area Transport |
| 4.13 | Diskless Management Services |
| 4.14 | Remote Installation Services |
| 4.15 | Distributed System Services |
| 4.15.1 | Berkeley Internet Domain Service |
| 4.15.2 | Network Information Services |
| 4.15.3 | Time Services |
| 4.16 | The sendmail Utility |
| 4.17 | The uucp Utility |
| 4.18 | The tip and cu Utilities |
| 5 | Migrating Your ULTRIX System and Network Environment |
| 5.1 | Mounting an ULTRIX File System on a DIGITAL UNIX System |
| 5.2 | Migrating Shadowed Data |
| 5.2.1 | Migration Summary |
| 5.2.2 | Migration Example |
| 5.3 | Using the tar and pxtar Commands |
| 5.4 | Configuring Small Computer System Interconnect Devices |
| 5.5 | Configuring DIGITAL UNIX Shared Memory |
| 5.6 | Setting Up Internationalization Databases |
| 5.7 | Configuring the inetd Daemon for ULTRIX Compatibility |
| 5.8 | Configuring the mountd Daemon for ULTRIX Compatibility |
| 4 | Migrating Your Applications |
| 6 | Overview of the DIGITAL UNIX Programming Environment |
| 6.1 | Alpha Architecture |
| 6.1.1 | Data Representation |
| 6.1.2 | Data Access |
| 6.1.3 | Data Alignment |
| 6.1.4 | File Systems |
| 6.2 | Graphical Programming Environment |
| 6.3 | Software Development Tools |
| 6.3.1 | The C Preprocessor |
| 6.3.2 | The C Compiler |
| 6.3.3 | The Linker |
| 6.3.4 | The Debugger |
| 6.3.5 | Other Programming Tools |
| 6.4 | Source File Control |
| 6.5 | Product Installation Tools |
| 6.6 | Shared Libraries |
| 6.6.1 | Using Shared Libraries |
| 6.6.2 | Changing from Archive Libraries to Shared Libraries |
| 6.7 | Standard Application Programming Interfaces |
| 6.8 | Network Programming Software |
| 6.8.1 | X/Open Transport Interface |
| 6.8.2 | Data Link Interface |
| 6.8.3 | Sockets Interface |
| 6.8.4 | SNMP Compatibility |
| 6.9 | Distributed Services Programming Software |
| 6.9.1 | Remote Procedure Calling |
| 6.9.2 | Network Authentication |
| 6.9.3 | Naming Services |
| 6.10 | Internationalization Features |
| 6.10.1 | Message Catalog System |
| 6.10.1.1 | Message Extraction Tools (extract, strextract, and strmerge) |
| 6.10.1.2 | Tool for Translating Messages (trans) |
| 6.10.1.3 | Tools for Creating a Message Catalog (mkcatdefs and gencat) |
| 6.10.1.4 | Routines for Accessing a Message Catalog (catopen, catgets, and catclose) |
| 6.10.2 | Program Localization |
| 6.10.2.1 | Announcement Mechanism |
| 6.10.2.2 | The setlocale Routine |
| 6.10.3 | Creating Locale-Specific Information |
| 6.10.4 | The iconv Command |
| 6.11 | Event-Logging Software |
| 6.12 | Security |
| 6.13 | Curses Libraries |
| 7 | Migrating Your ULTRIX Application to a DIGITAL UNIX System |
| 7.1 | Modifying Your Makefile |
| 7.2 | Migrating References to Header Files |
| 7.3 | Migrating to a 64-Bit Environment |
| 7.3.1 | Pointers |
| 7.3.1.1 | Controlling Pointer Size and Allocation |
| 7.3.1.2 | Correcting the Pointer-to-int Assignment Problem |
| 7.3.1.3 | Use and Effects of the -taso Option |
| 7.3.1.4 | Limits on the Effects of the -taso Option |
| 7.3.2 | Constants |
| 7.3.2.1 | Integer and Long Constants--Assignment and Argument Passing |
| 7.3.2.2 | Integer and Long Constants--Shift Operations |
| 7.3.3 | Structures |
| 7.3.3.1 | Size |
| 7.3.3.2 | Member Alignment |
| 7.3.3.3 | Alignment |
| 7.3.3.4 | Bit Fields |
| 7.3.4 | Variables |
| 7.3.4.1 | Declarations |
| 7.3.4.2 | Assignments and Function Arguments |
| 7.3.4.3 | The sizeof Operator |
| 7.3.4.4 | Pointer Subtraction |
| 7.3.4.5 | Functions with a Variable Number of Arguments |
| 7.3.5 | Library Calls |
| 7.3.5.1 | The printf and scanf Functions |
| 7.3.5.2 | The malloc and calloc Functions |
| 7.3.5.3 | The lseek System Call |
| 7.3.5.4 | The fsetpos and fgetpos Functions |
| 7.4 | Correcting C Syntax Errors |
| 7.4.1 | Differences Between DIGITAL UNIX and ULTRIX Predefined Symbols |
| 7.4.2 | Differences Between DIGITAL UNIX C and ULTRIX C on RISC Systems |
| 7.4.2.1 | Differences that Apply to All Modes |
| 7.4.2.2 | Differences that Apply to the Default Mode |
| 7.4.2.3 | Differences that Apply to Strict ANSI Mode |
| 7.4.3 | Differences Between DIGITAL UNIX C and DEC C |
| 7.4.4 | Differences Between DIGITAL UNIX C and C on VAX Systems |
| 7.4.5 | Differences Between DIGITAL UNIX C and VAX C (vcc) Software |
| 7.5 | Running lint to Find Other Errors |
| 7.6 | Linking Your Program |
| 7.6.1 | Changes in Libraries |
| 7.6.2 | ULTRIX BSD Compatibility Library |
| 7.6.3 | System V Compatibility Library |
| 7.7 | Porting Terminal-Dependent Applications |
| 7.8 | Differences in Standard Interfaces |
| 7.9 | Running Your Program |
| 8 | Postmigration Programming Features |
| 8.1 | Using Shared Libraries |
| 8.1.1 | Linking with Shared Libraries |
| 8.1.2 | Symbol Resolution and Shared Libraries |
| 8.1.2.1 | How Libraries Are Searched |
| 8.1.2.2 | When Symbols Are Defined More than Once |
| 8.1.3 | Using Your Makefile with Shared Libraries |
| 8.1.4 | Creating Shared Libraries from Object Files |
| 8.1.5 | Creating Shared Libraries from Archive Libraries |
| 8.1.6 | Optimizing Application Startup when Using Shared Libraries |
| 8.2 | Using Semaphores |
| 8.3 | Using File Descriptors |
| 5 | Appendixes |
| A | Differences Between DIGITAL UNIX and ULTRIX Commands |
| B | Differences in ULTRIX and DIGITAL UNIX Header Files and Library Routines |
| B.1 | Changes in the acct.h File |
| B.2 | Changes in the disktab.h File |
| B.3 | Changes in the dli_var.h File |
| B.4 | Changes in the errno.h File |
| B.5 | Changes in the fcntl.h File |
| B.6 | Changes in the fstab.h File |
| B.7 | Changes in the in.h File |
| B.8 | Changes in the ioctl.h and ioctl_compat.h Files |
| B.9 | Changes in the langinfo.h File |
| B.10 | Changes in the limits.h File |
| B.11 | Changes in the math.h File |
| B.12 | Changes in the resource.h File |
| B.13 | Changes in the stddef.h File |
| B.14 | Changes in the stdio.h File |
| B.15 | Changes in the stdlib.h File |
| B.16 | Changes in the syslog.h File |
| B.17 | Changes in the termio.h and termios.h Files |
| B.18 | Nonexistent Header Files |
| C | Differences Between DIGITAL UNIX and ULTRIX System Calls |
| D | Differences Between DIGITAL UNIX and ULTRIX Terminal Modem Control |
| E | Summary of XUI and Motif Differences |
| E.1 | Terminology |
| E.2 | Windows and Window Managers |
| E.3 | Menus and Menu Items |
| E.3.1 | Menu Bar and Standard Menus |
| E.3.2 | File Menu Items |
| E.3.3 | Edit Menu Items |
| E.3.4 | Help Menu Items |
| E.4 | Mouse Button Behavior |
| E.5 | Standard Message Boxes |
| E.6 | Keyboard Behavior |
| F | DECwindows Motif Component Names |
| F.1 | Widget Classes |
| F.2 | Function Names |
| F.3 | Resource Names |
| F.4 | Enumeration Literal Names |
| F.5 | Callback Reason Names |
| F.6 | Compound Strings |
| F.7 | Fontlist Names |
| F.8 | Clipboard Names |
| F.9 | Resource Manager Names |
| G | Migration from ULTRIX Version 4.5 to DIGITAL UNIX Version 4.0B |
| G.1 | New Features and Changes in ULTRIX and UWS Version 4.5 |
| G.2 | New Features and Changes in DIGITAL UNIX Version 4.0B |
| G.3 | Common Desktop Environment |
| G.3.1 | CDE Video Tour |
| G.3.2 | CDE Screen Savers |
| G.3.3 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.4 | X/Open-Compliant Curses |
| G.4.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.5 | X11R6 |
| G.5.1 | X Keyboard Extension for X11R6 (XKB) |
| G.5.2 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.6 | Commands and Utilities |
| G.6.1 | Changes to Mtools |
| G.6.1.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.6.2 | sendmail Utility Supports Configurable GECOS Fuzzy Matching |
| G.6.2.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.6.3 | df Supports Large File Systems |
| G.6.3.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.6.4 | Compressed Reference Pages |
| G.6.4.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.6.5 | Enhancements to terminfo |
| G.6.5.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.6.6 | GNU Emacs Version 19.28 |
| G.6.6.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.6.7 | Performance Manager |
| G.6.7.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.6.8 | Bootable Tape |
| G.6.8.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.6.9 | Partition Overlap Checks Added to Disk Utilities |
| G.6.9.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.6.10 | scsimgr Utility for Creating Device Special Files |
| G.6.10.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.7 | Standards |
| G.7.1 | Realtime is Compliant with Final POSIX 1003.1b Standard Interfaces |
| G.7.1.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.7.2 | DECthreads is Compliant with Final POSIX 1003.1c Standard Interfaces |
| G.7.2.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.8 | Development Environment |
| G.8.1 | Tcl/Tk Availability |
| G.8.1.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.8.2 | DEC C++ |
| G.8.2.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.8.3 | Software Development Environment Repackaging |
| G.8.3.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.8.4 | init Execution Order Modified for Static Executable Files |
| G.8.4.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.8.5 | PC-Sample Mode of prof Command |
| G.8.5.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.8.6 | atom and prof Commands and Threads |
| G.8.6.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.8.7 | Thread Independent Services Interface |
| G.8.7.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.8.8 | High-Resolution Clock |
| G.8.8.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.8.9 | POSIX 1003.1b Realtime Signals |
| G.8.9.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.8.10 | POSIX 1003.1b Synchronized I/O |
| G.8.10.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.8.11 | POSIX 1003.1b _POSIX_C_SOURCE Symbol |
| G.8.11.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.8.12 | DIGITAL Porting Assistant |
| G.8.12.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.9 | Networking |
| G.9.1 | New Version of the gated Daemon |
| G.9.1.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.9.2 | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol |
| G.9.2.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.9.3 | Point-to-Point Protocol |
| G.9.3.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.9.4 | Extensible Simple Network Management Protocol |
| G.9.4.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.9.5 | SNMP MIB Support |
| G.9.5.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.10 | Enhanced Security |
| G.10.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.11 | File Systems |
| G.11.1 | Advanced File System |
| G.11.1.1 | New Tuning Parameters for AdvFS |
| G.11.1.2 | AdvFS Now Supports Directory Truncation |
| G.11.1.3 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.11.2 | File System Access Control Lists |
| G.11.2.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.11.3 | Logical Storage Manager |
| G.11.3.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.11.4 | Overlap Partition Checking |
| G.11.4.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.12 | Internationalization and Language Support |
| G.12.1 | Internationalization Configuration Utility for CDE |
| G.12.2 | Unicode Support |
| G.12.3 | The Worldwide Mail Handler No Longer Exists |
| G.12.4 | Multilingual Emacs (mule) |
| G.12.5 | Support for Catalan, Lithuanian, and Slovene |
| G.12.6 | man Command Supports Codeset Conversion |
| G.13 | Dynamic Device Recognition for SCSI Devices |
| G.13.1 | ULTRIX Migration Issues |
| G.14 | Interfaces Retired from DIGITAL UNIX |
| G.15 | Features Scheduled for Retirement |
| Examples |
| 3-1 | Shell Script to Convert sh5 Scripts into sh Scripts |
| D-1 | Modem Control for Outgoing Calls (ULTRIX) |
| D-2 | Modem Control for Outgoing Calls (DIGITAL UNIX) |
| D-3 | Modem Control for Incoming Calls (DIGITAL UNIX) |
| Figures |
| 2-1 | DIGITAL UNIX Directory Structure for General Users |
| 4-1 | DIGITAL UNIX Directory Structure for System Administrators |
| 7-1 | Layout of Memory Under the -taso Option |
| Tables |
| 4-0 | Setup Scripts Available on DIGITAL UNIX Systems |
| 4--4 | Differences in Disk Shadowing Facilities |
| 6-0 | C Language Data Types |
| 7-0 | Locations of Standard DIGITAL UNIX Header Files |
| 7--2 | Comparison of DIGITAL UNIX and ULTRIX Predefined Symbols for the cc Command |
| 7--2 | Compilation Options that Are Compatible with ULTRIX C on RISC Systems |
| 7--2 | Compilation Options that Are Compatible with DEC C |
| 7--2 | Compilation Option that Is Compatible with C on VAX Systems |
| 7--2 | Compilation Option for Compatibility with VAX C Software |
| 7--2 | Routines in the ULTRIX BSD Compatibility Library |
| 7--2 | Routines in the System V Compatibility Library |
| 7--2 | Terminal Capability Differences |
| B--1 | Differences in System Limits |
| B--3 | ULTRIX Header Files Not Present on DIGITAL UNIX Systems |
| E-0 | Terminology Differences Between XUI and Motif Interfaces |
| E-0 | Differences Between XUI and Motif Windows and Window Managers |
| E-0 | Motif Window Menu Items and Functions |
| E-0 | Differences Between the XUI and Motif Menus in the Menu Bar |
| E-0 | Differences Between the XUI and Motif File Menu Items |
| E-0 | Differences Between XUI and Motif Edit Menu Items |
| E-0 | Differences Between the XUI and Motif Help Menu Items |
| E-0 | Differences in the XUI and Motif Mouse Buttons |
| E-0 | Differences in the XUI and Motif Keyboard Mappings |
| F-0 | Widget Class Name Changes |
| F-0 | Function Name Changes |
| F-0 | Resource Name Changes |
| F-0 | Enumeration Literal Name Changes |
| F-0 | Callback Reason Names |
| F-0 | Compound String Names |
| F-0 | Fontlist Names |
| F-0 | Clipboard Names |
| F-0 | Resource Manager Names |
| Index |