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6    Documentation Notes

This chapter discusses notes that apply to Digital UNIX Version 4.0 documentation.


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6.1    Release Notes

The on-line HTML and PostScript versions of the release notes are not complete due to last minute changes. Use only the printed version supplied with the software media.


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6.2    Media CD-ROMs

The Digital UNIX distribution media is comprised of three CD-ROM discs.


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6.3    General Information About the Documentation

This section provides general information about changes to the Digital UNIX documentation set.


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6.3.1    New Manuals

A number of manuals have been added to the documentation set. Refer to the Documentation Overview, Glossary and Master Index for more information.


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6.3.2    Revised Documents

The title page of each document has an updated operating system revision number if the book has been revised since Version 3.0

All other documents labeled for Version 3.0 or later of the DEC OSF/1 or Digital UNIX operating system are applicable to this release.


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6.3.3    List of Available Patches

Lists of patches for known problems are provided on the Digital UNIX Operating System Volume 1 CD-ROM, in the directory:
<mountpoint>/DOCUMENTATION/TEXT

The files are named Digital_UNIX_V3.2C_CLD_Fixes.txt, Digital_UNIX_V3.2D-1_CLD_Fixes.txt, and Digital_UNIX_V4.0_CLD_Fixes.txt.


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6.3.4    Compressed PostScript Files

Some PostScript format files on the CD-ROM may be stored in compressed PostScript. This compressed format saves disk storage space and it requires less time to copy the files to other media. To decompress the files, use the uncompress(1) or zcat(1) commands.

There is an instruction file on the CD-ROM named as follows:

/DOCUMENTATION/POSTSCRIPT/00-READ-ME-FIRST


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6.4    Reference Pages

This section provides information about the Digital UNIX Version 4.0 reference pages.


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6.4.1    [XPG4_UNIX] Used Incorrectly in Section 1 Reference Pages

In this release, reference pages for interfaces and commands that are included in the Single UNIX Specification include tags to differentiate standard and proprietary information. The standards(5) reference page explains how standard-conformant and proprietary information should be differentiated in reference pages.

The [XPG4_UNIX] tag should appear at the beginning of text paragraphs when the paragraph discusses a UNIX extension added by Issue 4, Version 2 of X/Open CAE specifications. Text should not be flagged when discussing features of a command or function that were included in Issue 4, Version 1 of X/Open CAE specifications. However, in many reference pages for user commands, the [XPG4_UNIX] tag appears before all descriptions of standard-conformant features rather than only before descriptions of the UNIX extensions.


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6.4.2    webman Utility for Netscape

The Digital UNIX system's documentation CD-ROM includes a tool called webman, which allows you to view the reference pages with the Netscape Navigator World Wide Web browser.

However, because of security restrictions imposed by the browser, it is not possible to view the files by opening them locally on the user's own system. Making the reference pages viewable requires that you set up your system (or one of the systems on your network) as a World Wide Web server by installing and running a server daemon. With a server running, all of the systems on your network can view the reference pages. Server software is available from third-party vendors such as Netscape Communications Corporation.

When the documentation CD-ROM is mounted as instructed in the Installation Guide, instructions for installing webman are in the following file:

/usr/share/doclib/online/DOCUMENTATION/HTML/webman/Installing_webman.txt


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6.4.3    Modes of UNIX domain in the The bind() Reference Page

The bind() manpage does not discuss the modes of UNIX domain sockets. In previous releases, the mode was always 777. In this release, Digital has introduced a tuneable kernel parameter insecure_bind, which can be set either in the generic stanza of /etc/sysconfigtab, or can be set using the /sbin/sysconfig utility. The new behavior for bind() is that if insecure_bind has a value of 0 as follows:

insecure_bind=0 

Then new AF_UNIX sockets have the mode set as follows:

0777 &~ umask

If insecure_bind is not set to =0, new AF_UNIX sockets have mode 0777 The default setting is insecure_bind=0.


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6.4.4    Nonexistant ACL Interfaces in the acl(4) Reference Page

The following ACL interfaces are mentioned in the acl(4) reference page, but do not exist. Where possible, alternatives are specified:

See the acl(4), acl_set_qualifier(3), acl_set_permset(3), acl_set_fd(3), acl_set_file(3), and acl_valid(3) reference pages.


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6.4.5    Property List Reference Pages

The setproplist(3), getproplist(3), and delproplist(3) reference pages should be corrected as follows.

In the EXAMPLES section of the setproplist(3) reference page, the definition for struct proplistname_args is both incorrect (no variable) and unnecessary (only getproplist() and delproplist() use this structure.)

In the SYNOPSIS section of the getproplist(3) reference page, the int *buf argument to getproplist() should be int *min_buf_size. In the EXAMPLES section, the struct proplistname_args; definition should be struct proplistname_args getargs.

In the EXAMPLES section of the delproplist(3) reference page, the struct proplistname_args definition should be struct proplistname_args entry_names;.


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6.4.6    mail_manual_setup Reference Page

In step 7 of the instructions for setting up POP, use the command create=20 to create a file called /usr/spool/pop/POP instead of a directory.


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6.4.7    quota and vquota Show Wrong Usage of Options

The quota and vquota reference pages show the wrong usage of options.

The correct usage for the quota reference page is as follows:

quota [ -qv ] -u username ...

quota [ -qv ] -g groupname ...

The correct usage for the vquota reference page is as follows:

vquota [ -guqv ]

vquota [ -qv ] -u username ...

vquota [ -qv -g groupname ...


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6.5    Device Driver Documentation

The following notes apply to device driver documentation.


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6.5.1    Writing VMEbus Device Drivers

The following notes apply to writing VMEbus Device Drivers.


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6.5.2    Device Driver Tutorial

Section 14.1.1 of the tutorial states that you should create a directory to contain your driver source in the form of:

mkdir  /usr/sys/io/ESA100

When you create a new directory to replace ESA100 you must place it in the path /usr/sys/io/ using your directory selection to replace ESA100.


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6.6    Network Administration Manual

The following notes describe changes to the Network Administration manual.


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6.6.1    Changes to Section 4.2.2.2, "Verifying PPP Support in the Kernel

To verify that PPP is supported in the kernel, enter the following command:

sysconfig -s | grep ppp

If it is not loaded and configured, do the following:

  1. Log in as root.

  2. Save the /vmunix file.

  3. Rebuild the kernel by running the doconfig program and selecting the Point-to-Point (PPP) option.

  4. Copy the new vmunix file to /vmunix.

  5. Edit the /etc/sysconfigtab file and add the following lines:

    ppp:
    nppp=2
    

    This provides for 2 PPP connections. If your system requires a greater number of PPP connections, increase the number.

  6. Reboot the system.


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6.6.2    Sections 4.2.3.1, 4.2.3.2, and 4.2.3.3 are obsolete

Use the instructions n the following sections instead.


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6.6.2.1    Establishing a PPP Dial-Out Connection

After you have connected your modem to a serial port on your system, do the following:

  1. Verify that you can communicate with the modem. Do the following:

    1. Edit the /etc/remote file and copy the kdebug entry.

    2. Modify the new entry, providing a system name for the entry, the correct Digital UNIX device (tty00 or tty01 depending on your system), the correct baud rate, and correct parity. See remote(4) for more information.

    3. Use the tip command to access the modem as follows:

      tip system_name

      system_name is the system name from the /etc/remote file.

    4. If your modem is using the AT command language, enter the following command:

      AT[Return]
      

      If the modem is not in quiet mode, it responds with an OK message.

  2. Contact the remote system administrator or your Internet Service Provider (ISP) and obtain the following information:

    This information is used to create a chat script, which automates the dial-out process.

  3. Create a file for commands that the chat program uses to direct the modem what number to dial and what to send the remote system in order to start pppd. This file is called a chat script. Each entry in a chat script has the following format:

    string_chat_expects string_chat_sends

    For example, the following file named /etc/ppp/chat-script contains the following information:

     atdt2135476    [1]
    CONNECT     [2]
    login: myname      [3]
    Password: "\qmypassword"    [4]
    "$ " "\qpppd"       [5]
    

    1. chat expects nothing and sends a dial command to the modem. [Return to example]

    2. chat expects a CONNECT message and sends a carriage return (implied). [Return to example]

    3. chat expects the login: string and sends the myname string. [Return to example]

    4. chat expects the Password: string and sends the mypassword string. The eq prevents chat from logging it when you use the -v option. [Return to example]

    5. chat expects the $ (the shell prompt) and sends pppd to start the pppd daemon on the remote machine. The eq cancels the effect of the previous eq. [Return to example]

    See chat(8) for more information on chat and chat scripts.

    Note

    You might want to use the tip command to dial out and log in to the remote system and to write down the exact prompt, login sequence, and pppd start-up sequence.

  4. Edit the /etc/ppp/options file and include the following pppd options as required by the remote system or ISP:

    defaultroute   [1]
    asyncmap 0  [2]
    mru 296 [3]
    netmask dd.dd.dd.dd  [4]
    lcp-echo-interval 60  [5]
    lcp-echo-failure 5   [6]
    noipdefault  [7]
    crtscts  [8]
    debug  [9]
    

    1. If you system is standalone and you are connecting to the Internet through the remote system, add a default route via the remote host by specifying this option. [Return to example]

    2. If the serial line is not completely 8-bit transparent, specify this option; asyncmap 200a0000 is appropriate if the serial link includes a telnet link. [Return to example]

    3. Reduces the MRU (maximum receive unit) on the local and remote systems to improve performance for multiple IP connection. [Return to example]

    4. Sets the interface netmask to the specified value. Your ISP should provide this information. [Return to example]

    5. Sends an Link Control Protocol (LCP) echo request frame to the remote system every 60 seconds. This determines whether the link to the remote system is still active. [Return to example]

    6. If the local system does not receive a response from the remote system after 5 LCP echo request frames, pppd considers the link dead and tears down the connection. [Return to example]

    7. Specifies that the remote system (ISP) is to provide the local system an IP address, unless an IP address is specified explicitly on the command line or in an options file. [Return to example]

    8. Enables hardware flow control on the serial device. If the modem does not support hardware flow control, do not add this entry. See your modem documentation to verify this information. [Return to example]

    9. Enables debugging. All log messages are sent to the file specified in the /etc/syslog.conf file. After your connection is working correctly, remove this entry from the PPP options file. [Return to example]

    See pppd(8) for a complete list of pppd options.

  5. Edit the /etc/syslog.conf file and do the following:

    1. Add the local2 facility (used by pppd and chat) to the line that specifies /dev/console as the message destination as follows:

      kern.debug;local2.notice                   /dev/console
      

      In this example, the notice level is specified.

    2. Add the following entry to the file to create a ppp-log file:

      local2.debug                   /etc/ppp/ppp-log
      

    3. Save the edits and close the file.

  6. Stop and restart syslogd by entering the following commands:

    /sbin/init.d/syslog stop
    /sbin/init.d/syslog start

  7. Invoke pppd on the local system to connect to the remote system. For example, the following command starts a link on tty01 and specifies the connect option to run the chat program using the specified chat script file.

    pppd /dev/tty01 38400 connect 'chat -v -f /etc/ppp/chat-script'

  8. Issue the following command to monitor the ppp-log file and to determine whether the PPP connection is active:

    tail -f /etc/ppp/ppp-log

If any problems occur while using PPP, see Chapter 13 in Network Administration.


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6.6.2.2    Establishing a PPP Dial-In Connection

After you have connected your modem to a serial port on your system, to configure a dial-in system, complete the following steps:

  1. Set up your modem for dial-in access. See Section 4.3.2 in Network Administration for more information.

  2. Edit the /etc/passwd file and create a dedicated entry for a PPP user. For the login shell field, specify /usr/sbin/startppp; for example:

    ppp1:password:10:20:Remote PPP User:/usr/users/guest:/usr/sbin/startppp
    

  3. Edit the /etc/inittab file and create an entry for each terminal device that is to run PPP. For example:

    modem:3:respawn:/usr/sbin/getty /dev/tty00 M38400 vt100
    

    See inittab(4) for more information.

  4. Issue the init q command to start the getty process immediately.

  5. If the dial-in system is going to be a gateway for the dial-out system to reach other systems on the LAN, the dial-in system must be configured as IP router and must also run gated. Edit the /etc/gated.conf file and delete the nobroadcast option (if specified) in the rip statement. See Chapter 2 of Network Administration for basic network setup information and gated.conf(4) for gated options.

  6. Edit the /etc/ppp/options file and include the following pppd options required to support dial-in access for all remote users:

    netmask dd.dd.dd.dd  [1]
    proxyarp  [2]
    crtscts  [3]
    asyncmap 0  [4]
    :remote_ip_address  [5]
    debug  [6]
    

    1. Sets the interface netmask to the specified value. [Return to example]

    2. Adds an entry to the local system's Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table containing the IP address of the remote system and the Ethernet address of the local system. This is not necessary if gated is running. [Return to example]

    3. Enables hardware flow control for the serial port. [Return to example]

    4. If the serial line is not completely 8-bit transparent, specify this option; asyncmap 200a0000 is appropriate if the serial link includes a telnet link. [Return to example]

    5. Specifies an IP address for the remote system. [Return to example]

    If you want to specify options for each individual serial port, create a /etc/ppp/options.ttyxx file and include the remote IP address and any other options that apply to that specific serial port. See pppd(8) for a complete list of pppd options.

  7. After an incoming call is received and a connection established, startppp runs in the background. The process ID is logged in the /etc/ppp/pppxx.pid file.

  8. Enables debugging. All log messages are sent to the file specified in the /etc/syslog.conf file. After your connection is working correctly, remove this entry from the PPP options file.

If any problems occur while using PPP, see Chapter 13 in Network Administration.


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6.7    System Administration Manual Instructions for SysMan Applications

The System Administration omits the following information on starting SysMan applications.


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6.7.1    Accessing the SysMan Tools

In this release of Digital UNIX, the Common Desktop Environment (CDE) is the default desktop. The SysMan suite of graphical system management applications is the preferred interface for system administration. The SysMan applications are also available in the DECwindows and base X Windows graphical environments.

In CDE, the SysMan applications are available in the Application Manager. You can access the Application Manager from the CDE Front Panel by clicking on its icon. The SysMan applications are organized into five groups within the System_Admin group. You can double click on the System_Admin group to access the SysMan Configuration Checklist, the Welcome to SysMan online help volume, and the five application groups.

You can access online help for the SysMan applications without running the applications. Click on the Help Manager icon on the CDE Front Panel to display the online help browser. The browser includes help families for CDE, the CDE Desktop, and Digital System Management.

In DECwindows, the SysMan applications are listed in the Session Manager's Options menu. You can use the Applications Definitions menu item to add SysMan applications that are used frequently to the Applications menu.

In other X Windows environments, the SysMan applications can be invoked from the command line. See the sysman_intro(8X) reference page for a list of the SysMan applications. This reference page also describes how to display the online help browser in graphical environments other than CDE.

To support nongraphical environments, some of the SysMan applications offer command line and question and answer interfaces.

The following applications have a command line interface. A single command starts the application, which then performs the actions specified by the command line arguments.

The following applications have a question and answer interface invoked using the following command-line argument: -ui menu. The application prompts the user interactively.

The menu interface for Mail Configuration is called mailsetup.

Finally, there are a variety of scripts invoked by commands such as SysMan Configuration Checklist and /usr/sbin/setup. They are documented in other sections of the System Administration guide.


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6.8    Technical Overview

Note that the information on Maximum System Limits has moved from the Technical Overview to the Release Notes.


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6.9    Assembly Language Programmer's Guide

The Assembly Language Programmer's Guide (Chapter 5) should include a description of the .rconst directive. This derective instructs the assembler to add subsequent data into the .rconst section. This behavior is similar to the .rdata directive, except that the entries cannot be relocatable.


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6.10    DEC C Language Reference Manual

In the DEC C Language Reference Manual, the conventions table states that the DEC C extensions to the ANSI C standard are shown in teal in the printed manual, and are shaded in the online manual. This is incorrect.


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6.11    Guide to Preparing Product Kits

The following notes apply to the Guide to Preparing Product Kits. manual.


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6.11.1    Guide to Preparing Product Kits is now available on CD-ROM

The Guide to Preparing Product Kits is a new manual that describes the procedures for creating, managing, and installing layered product kits. You can view this guide on line with the Netscape browser. The book is part of the Supplementary Documentation bookshelf.

A compressed PostScript version of the book is also available for printing. You can find it on the documentation CD-ROM in the following location:

/usr/share/doclib/online/DOCUMENTATION/POSTSCRIPT/AA-QTLVA-TE.ps.Z

If you cannot find the file at this location, contact your system administrator.

The file named 00-READ-ME-FIRST in the POSTSCRIPT directory describes how to view and print compressed files. It also lists the other PostScript files in the directory.


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6.11.2    Description of setld

The following information used to be in Programming Support Tools, and was left out of the Guide to Preparing Product Kits.


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6.11.2.1    setld Functions

This release note describes the steps the setld utility performs when executed with each of its options.

Note

The setld command's action is divided into phases. Some phases have PRE_phase and POST_phase subphases. If a given subset's PRE_phase subphase fails during any applicable operation, setld displays a message indicating that the subset control program has declined the operation and does not proceed further with that subset. No attempt is made to run the phase or POST_phase code.


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6.11.2.2    Loading Software

When you load software by using the -l option to setld, the utility performs the following steps:

  1. Verifies access to location.

  2. Copies product installation information from location into a temporary area. The information copied is in the INSTCTRL file for each product kit to be installed. If the setld command line included specific subset identifiers, only those subsets are considered; otherwise, all subsets in location are considered.

  3. Determines which subsets to load by calling each subset's subset control program with the ACT environment variable set to M. Subsets whose subset control programs determine that their respective subsets are candidates for installation are divided into mandatory and optional groups according to the subset control flags contained in the subset-id.ctrl files.

  4. Displays a list of the candidate subsets, listing the mandatory subsets (if any) and offering the optional subsets in a menu for selection by the user. If there are no optional subsets, no menu is displayed; instead, the mandatory subsets are listed and the user is asked for permission to proceed.

  5. Performs the following operations for each subset to be installed:

    1. Verifies that the subset will fit on the system.

    2. Invokes the subset's subset control program to perform product-specific tasks that must be done before the subset is loaded (ACT set to PRE_L). A nonzero return status from the subset control program causes setld to abort the load operation.

    3. Creates a subset corrupt lock file.

    4. Loads the subset, using the subset's control and inventory files; then verifies the subset and upgrades the lock file to indicate that the subset is correctly installed.

  6. Performs the following steps for each subset after loading all of the selected subsets:

    1. Invokes the subset's subset control program to perform product-specific tasks that must be done after the subset is loaded (ACT set to POST_L). The subset control program's actions at this time usually include dependency locking.

    2. Invokes the subset control program to perform product-specific tasks that must be done after the subset is installed (ACT set to C and $1 set to INSTALL). This step is bypassed if the -D command option was invoked.

The installation control files (subset-id.ctrl, subset-id.inv, subset-id.scp, and subset-id.lk or subset-id.dw) are stored in the &./usr/.smdb. directory. The kit's subset archives are not stored because their contents have been placed in the appropriate locations. If you specified an alternative root path, this directory path is created under the directory you specify.


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6.11.2.3    Configuring a Subset

When you load a product, the next-to-last stage of the setld process is to invoke the subset's subset control program with the ACT environment variable set to C and the command argument ($1) set to INSTALL.

When you issue a command to reconfigure a subset (the -c option), setld first verifies that the specified subset exists. If it does, setld sets the ACT environment variable to C and calls the subset's subset control program with message as a command argument ($1). Usually, the only valid messages are INSTALL and DELETE. These two messages are reserved in their meaning. For special needs, a particular subset control program could be designed to accept other messages. The setld utility cannot pass other messages except in response to its -c option.


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6.11.2.4    Verifying a Subset

When you load a product, the final stage of the setld process is to invoke the subset's subset control program with the ACT environment variable set to V. This action instructs the subset control program to run its verification test.

When you issue a command to verify a subset (the -v option), setld first verifies that the specified subset exists. If it does, setld runs the subset's Installation Verification Procedure (IVP), if there is one.


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6.11.2.5    Removing Software

When you issue a setld -d command, the setld utility performs the following steps for each subset to be deleted:

  1. Verifies that the subset is installed.

  2. Verifies that the subset's sticky bit, originally specified in the product's key file, is not set. If the sticky bit is set, setld declines to remove the subset.

  3. Checks dependencies. If the subset's lock file (subset-id.lk) names any subsets that depend on the one to be removed, setld displays their names and requests confirmation that the subset should be deleted.

  4. Invokes the subset's subset control program to perform product-specific tasks that must be done before any deletions are made. (ACT set to C and $1 set to DELETE.)

  5. Invokes the subset's subset control program to perform product-specific tasks that must be done before the subset is deleted. (ACT set to PRE_D.) If the subset control program returns nonzero status, setld aborts the deletion operation.

  6. Deletes all files contained in the subset.

  7. Invokes the subset's subset control program to perform product-specific tasks that must be done after the subset is deleted. (ACT set to POST_D.)

  8. Marks the subset as being uninstalled by deleting its lock file.


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6.12    Online Help Volumes.

The notes in this section refer to problems with the online help volumes.

The Help viewer has the following known problem:

For each of the SysMan applications online help is available from the Help menu or from the Help button in the main window.

The online help contains:

The Using Help item on the Help menu displays a help volume supplied by CDE that explains how to use the online help.


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6.12.1    General Problems

The following known problems occur in the online help:


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6.12.2    Integration

The SyMman configuration applications on-item help does not work on the items in the menu bar.

In all the SysMan applications, the keyboard method of getting on-item help does not work on the Help menu.


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6.12.3    Help Volumes by Application

The following problems apply only to help in specific applications:


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6.13    Online PostScript Format Documentation

The Digital UNIX documentation set includes documents that are available only in PostScript format. The following list describes these documents and their locations:

Depending on the optional software subsets or environments installed on your system, a number of other documents may also be available in the /usr/doc


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6.13.1    PostScript Manuals Replacing Online or Printed Volumes

In this release, several X Window and DECwindows manuals are shipped in PostScript format only. To access these documents, mount the DigitalUNIX V4.0 Documentation Volume 1CD-ROM and read the following file:

<mount point>/DOCUMENTATION/POSTSCRIPT/00-READ-ME-FIRST

This file provides a list of documents and instructions for decompressing the files. Depending on the installation at your site, the files may already be mounted at the following location:

/usr/share/doclib/online/DOCUMENTATION/POSTSCRIPT .