bc is a language that supports arbitrary precision numbers with interactive execution of statements. There are some similarities in the syntax to the C programming language. A standard math library is available by command line option. This version of bc contains several extensions beyond traditional bc implementations and the POSIX draft standard.
bc-1.06: description + notes
dc is a reverse-polish desk calculator that supports unlimited precision arithmetic. It also allows you to define and call macros.
The bc home page has more information.
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