DNS Server Returns Wrong Response (rcode) When WINS Lookup Is Enabled (186820)

CAUSE

The Microsoft DNS server is returning RCODE=3, which, according to RFC 1035, means:

Name Error - Meaningful only for responses from an authoritative name
server, this code signifies that the domain name referenced in the query
does not exist.

This only occurs when WINS lookup is enabled and the Microsoft DNS server has received a response from WINS that states Name Not Found. This is passed back in error to the original requester as rcode-3 (nxdomain).

BIND 4.9.x and 8.1.x name servers cache the fact that the name does not exist so subsequent queries for other record types that do exist (such as, QTYPE="MX") fail.

MORE INFORMATION

Section 4.1, Domain Implementation and Specification, of RFC 1035 states

The last three sections have the same format: a possibly empty list of concatenated resource records (RRs). The answer section contains RRs that answer the question; the authority section contains RRs that point toward an authoritative name server; the additional records section contains RRs which relate to the query, but are not strictly answers for the question.

RFC 1034 indicates

When the resolver performs the indicated function, it usually has one of the following results to pass back to the client:

One or more RRs giving the requested data. In this case the resolver returns the answer in the appropriate format.
A name error (NE). This happens when the referenced name does not exist. For example, a user may have mistyped a host name.
A data not found error. This happens when the referenced name exists, but data of the appropriate type does not.

RFC 1035 includes the following

RCODE Response code - this 4 bit field is set as part of responses. The values have the following interpretation:

0 No error condition

1 Format error - The name server was unable to interpret the query.

2 Server failure - The name server was unable to process this query due to a problem with the name server.

3 Name Error - Meaningful only for responses from an authoritative name server, this code signifies that the domain name referenced in the query does not exist.

4 Not Implemented - The name server does not support the requested kind of query.

5 Refused - The name server refuses to perform the specified operation for policy reasons. For example, a name server may not wish to provide the information to the particular requester, or a name server may not wish to perform a particular operation (for example, zoneMockapetris [Page 27] transfer) for particular data.

6-15 Reserved for future use.

The algorithm for operation of a name server specified in RFC 1034, is as follows:

3. Start matching down, label by label, in the zone. The matching process can terminate several ways:

a. If the whole of QNAME is matched, we have found the node.

If the data at the node is a CNAME, and QTYPE doesn't match CNAME, copy the CNAME RR into the answer section of the response, change QNAME to the canonical name in the CNAME RR, and go back to step 1.

Otherwise, copy all RRs which match QTYPE into the answer section and go to step 6.

According to the specified algorithm, the only time an authoritative name error is allowed to be specified is in step 3c. In the case that we have, however, the QNAME did match, so you should copy all the RRs into the answer section whose TYPE matches QTYPE (in this case zero RRs), and jump to step 6 which has NO way of setting NXDOMAIN.