Index for Section 8

Alphabetical listing for L

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lpd(8)
NAME
  lpd - line printer daemon

SYNOPSIS
  /usr/lbin/lpd [-l]

OPTIONS
  -l  Causes the lpd daemon to log valid requests received from the network.
      This option is useful for debugging.

DESCRIPTION
  The lpd line printer daemon (spool area handler) normally is invoked at
  boot time.  The daemon makes a single pass through the printcap(4) file to
  determine the existing printers and to print all files that were not
  printed before the system shut down. The daemon uses system calls listen(2)
  and accept(2) to receive requests to print files in the queue, to transfer
  files to the spooling area, and to display the queue or remove jobs from
  the queue.  In each case, the daemon forks a child process to handle the
  request so that the parent process can continue to listen for more
  requests.  The Internet port number used to interact with other processes
  is identified with the getservbyname(3) system call and is specified in the
  /etc/services file by its printer service record entry.

  Access control is provided by the following means:

  All requests must originate from one of the machines listed in the
  /etc/hosts.equiv or /etc/hosts.lpd file.

  When an rs capability, which restricts remote users to those with local
  accounts, is specified in the /etc/printcap file for the printer being
  accessed, an lpr or lp request is honored only for those users having
  accounts on the same machine as the printer.

  The minfree ASCII file in each spool directory contains the number of disk
  blocks to leave free so that the line printer queue will not completely
  fill the disk.

  The lock file in each /usr/spool subdirectory is used to prevent more than
  one active lpd daemon and to store information about the daemon process for
  other printer spooling commands.

  After the lpd daemon has successfully set the lock in the lock file, it
  scans the /usr/spool subdirectory for files beginning with the characters
  cf.  Records in each of the cf files specify files to be printed or specify
  one or more non-printing actions to be performed.  Each such record begins
  with a key character that specifies what to do with the remainder of the
  line.	 In the following table, the columns list the beginning key
  character, the key-character name, and its purpose:

  H Hostname
      Name of the machine where the lpr daemon or the lp command was invoked.

  P Person
      Login name of the person who invoked the lpr or lp commands.  This
      record is used to verify ownership by the lprm or cancel commands.

  J Job Name
      String to be used for the job name on the burst page.

  C Classification
      String to be used for the classification line on the burst page.

  L Literal
      The record line provides identification information from the etc/passwd
      file and initiates banner page printing.

  I Indentation
      The number of character spaces to indent the output (spacing is from
      the ASCII character set).

  M Notify
      Sends mail to the specified user when the current print job completes.

  1 Troff Font R
      Name of another font file to use in place of the default font file.

  2 Troff Font I
      Name of another font file to use in place of the default font file.

  3 Troff Font B
      Name of another font file to use in place of the default font file.

  4 Troff Font S
      Name of another font file to use in place of the default font file.

  W Width
      Changes the page width (in characters) used by the pr command and by
      text filters.

  < Input tray
      Selects the input tray that supplies paper for the print job.

  > Output tray
      Selects the output tray where the printed paper is deposited.

  O Orientation
      Specifies the orientation of the printed output on the page. Note that
      for certain print filters, such as pcfof, the O option is used to
      specify other options such as even to print even-numbered pages.

  K Sides
      Specifies whether the job should be printed on both sides of the
      physical sheet and whether the pages should be rotated by 180 degrees.

  T Title
      String to be used as the title for the pr command.

  f Formatted File
      Name of an already formatted file to print.

  p File Name
      Name of a file to print using the pr command as a filter.

  l Formatted File
      Similar to f, but passes control characters and does not make page
      breaks.

  t Troff File
      The file contains troff output (cat phototypesetter commands).

  n Ditroff File
      The file contains DVI (device-independent) troff output.

  d DVI File
      The file contains Tex(l) output (DVI format from Stanford).

  v Raster Image
      The file contains a raster image.

  c Cifplot File
      The file contains data produced by the cifplot command.

  r Fortran
      The file contains text data with Fortran carriage control characters.

  x Unfiltered output
      Do not interpret any control characters in the file.

  U Unlink
      Name of file to remove on completion of printing.

  N Filename
      The name of the file undergoing printing, or when blank, for the
      standard input (when the lpr or lp command is invoked in a pipeline or
      when the command is invoked from the standard input).

  Whenever a file cannot be opened for printing, a message is logged via the
  syslog(3) subroutine using theLOG_LPR facility.  In this case, the lpd
  daemon tries to reopen a file, which it expects to be referenced by a
  correct pathname, up to 20 times.  If a file cannot be opened after 20
  tries, lpd goes to the next file.

  The  lpd daemon uses the flock(2) system call to provide exclusive access
  to the lock file and to prevent multiple daemons from being simultaneously
  activated.  If the daemon is killed or dies unexpectedly, the lock file
  does not have to be removed.

  The 2-line ASCII /usr/spool/lock file contains two lines.  The first line
  specifies the process ID of the daemon, and the second line specifies the
  control file name of the job currently undergoing printing.  The second
  line is updated to reflect the current status of the lpd daemon for
  commands lpq, lprm, cancel, and lpstat.

  NOTE - Printer Log Files

  The lpd does not automatically purge log files.  You should monitor logs
  regularly or set up a cleaning task using the cron command. See similar
  commands for syslog.dated in /usr/var/spool/cron/crontabs

FILES
  /usr/lbin/lpd
      Specifies the command path.

  /etc/printcap
      Printer description file.

  /usr/spool/*
      Spool directories.  The location of spool directories is a convention,
      but not necessary (see the /etc/printcap file).

  /usr/spool/*/lock
      The transient lock file which records print daemon and job status.

  /usr/spool/lpd/lpd.lock
      On clustered systems, this transient file is created to contain the
      daemon status.  Note that the /usr/spool/lpd directory is a Context
      Dependent Symbolic Link (CDSL) and should not be manually created or
      destroyed.

  /usr/spool/*/minfree
      Minimum free disk space to leave.

  /dev/lp*
      Line printer devices.

  /dev/printer
      Socket for local requests.

  /etc/hosts.equiv
      Lists machine names allowed access to a printer.

  /etc/hosts.lpd
      Lists machine names allowed access to a printer, but which are not
      under same administrative control.

SEE ALSO
  Commands: cancel(1), lp(1), lpc(8), lpr(1), lpq(1), lpstat(1), lprm(1),
  pac(8), pcfof(8)

  Calls: syslog(3)

Index for Section 8

Alphabetical listing for L

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