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gateways(4)
NAME
  gateways - Specifies Internet routing information to the routed daemon

SYNOPSIS
  /etc/gateways

DESCRIPTION
  The /etc/gateways file identifies gateways for the routed daemon.
  Ordinarily, the routed daemon queries the network and builds routing
  tables.  The routed daemon builds the tables from routing information
  transmitted by other hosts directly connected to the network. However,
  there may be gateways that this command cannot identify through its
  queries.  These unidentified gateways are known as distant gateways. Such
  gateways should be identified in the /etc/gateways file, which the routed
  daemon reads when it starts.

  The general format of an file entry in the /etc/gateways file is:

       Destination Name1 gateway Name2 metric Value Type

  The following is a brief description of each element in an /etc/gateways
  file entry:

  Destination
      A keyword that indicates whether the route is to a network or to a
      specific host. The two possible keywords are net and host.

  Name1
      The name associated with Destination.  Name1 can be either a symbolic
      name (as used in the /etc/hosts or /etc/networks file) or an Internet
      address specified in dotted-decimal format.

  gateway
      An indicator that the following string identifies the gateway host.

  Name2
      The name or address of the gateway host to which messages should be
      forwarded.

  metric
      An indicator that the next string represents the hop count to the
      destination host or network.

  Value
      The hop count, or number of gateways, from the local network to the
      destination network.

  Type
      A keyword that indicates whether the gateway should be treated as
      active, passive, or external.  The three possible keywords are as
      follows:

      active
	  An active gateway is treated like a network interface. That is, it
	  is expected to exchange RIP (Routing Information Protocol) routing
	  information. Information about it is maintained in the internal
	  routing tables as long as it is active and is included in any
	  routing information that is transmitted through RIP. If it does not
	  respond for a period of time, the route associated with it is
	  deleted from the internal routing tables.

      passive
	  A passive gateway is not expected to exchange RIP routing
	  information. Information about it is maintained in the routing
	  tables indefinitely and is included in any routing information that
	  is transmitted through RIP.

      external
	  An external gateway is identified to inform the routed daemon that
	  another routing process will install such a route and that
	  alternative routes to that destination should not be installed.
	  Information about external gateways is not maintained in the
	  internal routing tables and is not transmitted through RIP.

      Note that these routes must be to networks.

EXAMPLES
   1.  To specify a route to a network through a gateway host with an entry
       in the gateways file, enter:
	    net net2 gateway host4 metric 4 passive

       This example specifies a route to a network, net2, through the gateway
       host4. The hop count metric to net2 is 4, and the gateway is treated
       as passive.

   2.  To specify a route to a host through a gateway host with an entry in
       the gateways file, enter:
	    host host2 gateway host4 metric 4 passive

       This example specifies a route to a host, host2, through the gateway
       host4. The hop count metric to host2 is 4, and the gateway is treated
       as passive.

   3.  To specify a route to a host through an active Internet gateway with
       an entry in the gateways file, enter:
	    host host10 gateway 192.100.11.5 metric 9 active

       This example specifies a route to a specific host, host10, through the
       gateway 192.100.11.5. The hop count metric to host10 is 9 and the
       gateway is treated as active.

   4.  To specify a route to a host through a passive Internet gateway with
       an entry in the gateways file, enter:
	    host host10 gateway 192.100.11.5 metric 9 passive

       This example specifies a route to a specific host, host10, through the
       gateway 192.100.11.5.  The hop metric count to host10 is 9 and the
       gateway is treated as passive.

   5.  To specify a route to a network through an external gateway, enter a
       line in the following format:
	    net net5 gateway host7 metric 11 external

       This example specifies a route to a network, net5, through the gateway
       host7. The hop count metric to net5 is 11 and the gateway is treated
       as external (that is, it is not advertised through RIP, but is
       advertised through an unspecified routing protocol).

SEE ALSO
  Daemons: gated(8), routed(8)

Index for Section 4

Alphabetical listing for G

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