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nrdist(1)
NAME
nrdist - Remote file distribution client program
SYNOPSIS
/usr/bin/nrdist [-DFn] [-A num] [-a num] [-d var=value] [-l <local
logopts>] [-L <remote logopts>] [-f distfile] [-M maxproc] [-m host]
[-odistopts] [-t timeout] [name...]
/usr/bin/nrdist -DFn -c name ... [login@]host[:dest]
/usr/bin/nrdist -Server
/usr/bin/nrdist -V
OPTIONS
-A num
Sets the minimum number of free files (inodes) on a filesystem that
must exist for nrdist to update or install a file.
-a num
Sets the minimum amount of free space (in bytes) on a filesystem that
must exist for nrdist to update or install a file.
-D Turns on debugging output.
-d var=value
Defines var to have value. This option is used to define or override
variable definitions in the distfile. The value parameter can be an
empty string, one name, or a list of names surrounded by parentheses
and separated by tabs or spaces.
-F Does not fork any child nrdist processes. All clients are updated
sequentially.
-f distfile
Sets the name of the distfile to use to be distfile. If distfile is
specified as - (dash), read from standard input (stdin).
-l logopts
Sets local logging options. See MESSAGE LOGGING for details on the
syntax for logopts.
-L logopts
Sets remote logging options. The logopts is the same as for local
logging except the values are passed to the remote server (rdistd). See
MESSAGE LOGGING for details on the syntax for logopts.
-M num
Sets the maximum number of simultaneously running child nrdist
processes to num. The default is 4.
-m machine
Limits which machines are to be updated. Multiple -m arguments can be
given to limit updates to a subset of the hosts listed in the distfile.
You can also specify an IPv6 address or addresses for machine.
-n Prints the commands without executing them. This option is useful for
debugging distfile.
-odistopts
Specifies the dist options to enable. The distopts is a comma-separated
list of the following options:
verify
Verify that the files are up to date on all the hosts. Any files
that are out of date will be displayed but no files will be changed
nor any mail sent.
whole
Whole mode. The whole file name is appended to the destination
directory name. Normally, only the last component of a name is
used when renaming files. This will preserve the directory
structure of the files being copied instead of flattening the
directory structure. For example, rdisting a list of files such as
/path/dir1/f1 and /path/dir2/f2 to /tmp/dir would create files
/tmp/dir/path/dir1/f1 and /tmp/dir/path/dir2/f2 instead of
/tmp/dir/dir1/f1 and /tmp/dir/dir2/f2.
noexec
Automatically exclude executable files that are in a.out(4) format
from being checked or updated.
younger
Younger mode. Files are normally updated if their mtime and size
(see stat(2)) disagree. This option causes nrdist not to update
files that are younger than the master copy. This can be used to
prevent newer copies on other hosts from being replaced. A warning
message is printed for files which are newer than the master copy.
compare
Binary comparison. Perform a binary comparison and update files if
they differ rather than comparing dates and sizes.
follow
Follow symbolic links. Copy the file that the link points to
rather than the link itself.
ignlnks
Ignore unresolved links. The nrdist command will normally try to
maintain the link structure of files being transferred and warn the
user if all the links cannot be found.
chknfs
Do not check or update files on target host that reside on NFS
filesystems.
chkreadonly
Enable check on target host to see if a file resides on a read-only
filesystem. If a file does, then no checking or updating of the
file is attempted.
chksym
If the target on the remote host is a symbolic link, but is not on
the master host, the remote target will be left a symbolic link.
This behavior is generally considered a bug in the original version
of nrdist, but is present to allow compatibility with older
versions.
quiet
Quiet mode. Files that are being modified are normally printed on
standard output. This option suppresses this.
remove
Remove extraneous files. If a directory is being updated, any
files that exist on the remote host that do not exist in the master
directory are removed. This is useful for maintaining truly
identical copies of directories.
nochkowner
Do not check user ownership of files that already exist. The file
ownership is only set when the file is updated.
nochkgroup
Do not check group ownership of files that already exist. The file
ownership is only set when the file is updated.
nochkmode
Do not check file and directory permission modes. The permission
mode is only set when the file is updated.
nodescend
Do not descend into a directory. Normally nrdist will recursively
check directories. If this option is enabled, any files listed in
the file list in the distfile that are directories are not
recursively scanned. Only the existence, ownership, and mode of the
directory are checked.
numchkgroup
Use the numeric group id (gid) to check group ownership instead of
the group name.
numchkowner
Use the numeric user id (uid) to check user ownership instead of
the user name.
savetargets
Save files that are updated instead of removing them. Any target
file that is updates is first rename from file to file.OLD.
-t timeout
Sets the timeout period (in seconds) for waiting for responses from the
remote nrdist server. The default is 900 seconds.
-V Print version information and exit.
DESCRIPTION
The nrdist command is a program to maintain identical copies of files over
multiple hosts. It preserves the owner, group, mode, and modification time
of files if possible and can update programs that are executing. The nrdist
command reads commands from distfile to direct the updating of files or
directories, or both. If distfile is a - (dash), the standard input is
used.
If no -f option is specified, the program looks first for distfile, then
Distfile to use as the input. If no file names are specified on the command
line, nrdist updates all of the files and directories listed in distfile.
Otherwise, the argument is read as the name of a file to be updated or a
command to execute. If the name of the file specified by the file argument
is the same as the name of a command, the nrdist command treats the file
name as a command. These may be used together to update specific files
using specific commands.
The -c option forces nrdist to interpret the remaining arguments as a small
distfile. The equivalent distfile is as follows.
( name ... ) -> [login@]host
install [dest] ;
If you want to specify an IPv6 address for host, you must prefix the
address with the \[ (backslash, left bracket) characters and terminate the
address with the \] (backslash, right bracket) characters.
The -Server option provides partial backward compatible support for older
versions of nrdist that used this option to put nrdist into server mode. If
nrdist is started with the -Server command line option, it attempts to exec
(run) the old version of rdist. This option will only work if nrdist was
compiled with the location of the old rdist (usually /usr/old/rdist) and
that program is available at run time.
The nrdist command uses the rcmd(3) interface to access each target host.
The nrdist command attempts to run the rdistd -S command on each target
host. The nrdist command does not specify the absolute pathname to rdistd
on the target host in order to avoid imposing any policy on where rdistd
must be installed on target host. Therefore, rdistd must be somewhere in
the $PATH of the user running nrdist on the remote (target) host.
MESSAGE LOGGING
The nrdist command uses a collection of predefined message facilities that
each contain a list of message types specifying which types of messages to
send to that facility. The local client (nrdist) and the remote server
(rdistd) each maintain their own copy of what types of messages to log to
what facilities.
The -l logopts option to nrdist tells nrdist what logging options to use
locally. The -L logopts option to nrdist tells nrdist what logging options
to pass to the remote rdistd server.
The form of logopts should be of form
facility=types:facility=types...
The valid facility names are:
stdout
Sends messages to standard output.
file
Sends messages to a file. To specify the file name, use the following
format:
file=filename=types.
For example, file=/tmp/rdist.log=all,debug.
syslog
Uses the syslogd(8) facility.
notify
Uses the internal nrdist notify facility. This facility is used in
conjunction with the notify keyword in a distfile to specify what
messages are mailed to the notify address.
The types should be a comma separated list of message types. Each message
type specified enables that message level. This is unlike the syslog(3)
system facility which uses an ascending order scheme. The following are the
valid types:
change
Things that change. This includes files that are installed or updated
in some way.
info
General information.
notice
General info about things that change. This includes things like making
directories which are needed in order to install a specific target, but
which are not explicitly specified in the distfile.
nerror
Normal errors that are not fatal.
ferror
Fatal errors.
warning
Warnings about errors which are not as serious as nerror type messages.
debug
Debugging information.
all All but debug messages.
Here is a sample command line option:
-l stdout=all:syslog=change,notice:file=/tmp/rdist.log=all
This entry will set local message logging to have all but debug messages
sent to standard output, change and notice messages will be sent to
syslog(3), and all messages will be written to the file /tmp/rdist.log.
DISTFILES
The distfile contains a sequence of entries that specify the files to be
copied, the destination hosts, and what operations to perform to do the
updating. Each entry has one of the following formats.
<variable_name> = <name_list>
[label:] <source_list> -> <destination_list> <command_list>
[label:] <source list> :: <timestamp_file> <command_list>
The first format is used for defining variables. The second format is used
for distributing files to other hosts. The third format is used for making
lists of files that have been changed since some given date.
The source_list specifies a list of files or directories on the local host
which are to be used as the master copy for distribution. The
destination_list is the list of hosts to which these files are to be
copied. Each file in the source_list is added to a list of changes if the
file is out of date on the host which is being updated (second format) or
the file is newer than the timestamp_file (third format).
Labels are optional. They are used to identify a command for partial
updates.
Newlines, tabs, and blanks are only used as separators and are otherwise
ignored. Comments begin with a # (number sign) and end with a newline.
Variables to be expanded begin with a $ (dollar sign) followed by one
character or a name enclosed in curly braces (see EXAMPLES).
The source and destination lists one of the following formats:
<name>
( <zero or more names separated by white-space> )
If you want to specify an IPv6 address or addresses for destination_list,
you must enclose each address with the [] (bracket) characters.
These simple lists can be modified by using one level of set addition,
subtraction, or intersection as follows:
list - list
list + list
list & list
If additional modifications are needed (for example, all servers and client
machines except for the Tru64 UNIX machines), the list will have to be
explicitly constructed in steps using temporary variables.
The shell meta-characters [,],,},*, and ? are recognized and expanded (on
the local host only) in the same way as csh(1). They can be escaped with a
\ (backslash). The ~ (tilde) character is also expanded in the same way as
csh, but is expanded separately on the local and destination hosts. When
the -owhole option is used with a file name that begins with a ~,
everything except the home directory is appended to the destination name.
File names that do not begin with a / (slash) or a ~ use the destination
user's home directory as the root directory for the rest of the file name.
The command list consists of zero or more commands of the following format:
install <options> opt_dest_name ;
notify <name_list> ;
except <name_list> ;
except_pat <pattern_list> ;
special <name_list> string ;
cmdspecial <name_list> string ;
The install command is used to copy out-of-date files or directories. Each
source file is copied to each host in the destination list. Directories are
recursively copied in the same way. The opt_dest_name argument is an
optional argument to rename files. If no install command appears in the
command list or the destination name is not specified, the source file name
is used.
Directories in the path name are created if they do not exist on the remote
host. The -odistopts option, as specified under OPTIONS, has the same
semantics as on the command line except they only apply to the files in the
source list. The login name used on the destination host is the same as
the local host unless the destination name is of the format login@host.
The notify command is used to mail the list of files updated (and any
errors that may have occurred) to the listed names. If no @ (at sign)
appears in the name, the destination host is appended to the name (for
example, name1@host, name2@host, ...).
The except command is used to update all of the files in the source list
except for the files listed in name_list. This is usually used to copy
everything in a directory, except certain files.
The except_pat command is like the except command except that pattern_list
is a list of regular expressions (see ed(1) for details). If one of the
patterns matches some string within a file name, that file will be ignored.
Note that since \ is a quote character, it must be doubled to become part
of the regular expression. Variables are expanded in pattern_list, but not
shell file pattern matching characters. To include a $ (dollar sign), it
must be escaped with \ (backslash).
The special command is used to specify sh commands that are to be executed
on the remote host after the file in name_list is updated or installed. If
the name_list is omitted, the shell commands will be executed for every
file updated or installed. string starts and ends with " (double quote)
and can cross multiple lines in distfile. Separate multiple commands to the
shell with a ; (semicolon). Commands are executed in the user's home
directory on the host being updated. The special command can be used to
rebuild private databases after a program has been updated. The following
environment variables are set for each special command:
FILE
The full pathname of the local file that was just updated.
REMFILE
The full pathname of the remote file that was just updated.
The cmdspecial command is similar to the special command, except it is
executed only when the entire command is completed instead of after each
file is updated. The list of files is placed in the environment variable
$FILES. Each file name in $FILES is separated by a ; (semicolon).
If a hostname ends in a + (plus sign), the plus sign is stripped off and
NFS checks are disabled. This is equivalent to disabling the -ochknfs
option just for this one host.
The following is an example of a distfile:
HOSTS = ( matisse root@arpa)
FILES = ( /bin /lib /usr/bin /usr/games
/usr/include/{*.h,{stand,sys,vax*,pascal,machine}/*.h}
/usr/lib /usr/man/man? /usr/ucb /usr/local/rdist )
EXLIB = ( Mail.rc aliases aliases.dir aliases.pag crontab dshrc
sendmail.cf sendmail.fc sendmail.hf sendmail.st uucp vfont )
${FILES} -> ${HOSTS}
install -oremove,chknfs ;
except /usr/lib/${EXLIB} ;
except /usr/games/lib ;
special /usr/lib/sendmail "/usr/lib/sendmail -bz" ;
srcs:
/usr/src/bin -> arpa
except_pat ( \\.o\$ /SCCS\$ ) ;
IMAGEN = (ips dviimp catdvi)
imagen:
/usr/local/${IMAGEN} -> arpa
install /usr/local/lib ;
notify ralph ;
${FILES} :: stamp.cory
notify root@cory ;
NOTES
If the basename of a file (the last component in the pathname) is .
(period), nrdist assumes the remote (destination) name is a directory. For
example, /tmp/. means that /tmp is a directory on the remote host.
The following options are still recognized for backwards compatibility:
-v -N -O -q -b -r -R -s -w -y -h -i -x
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
TMPDIR
Name of temporary directory to use. Default is /tmp.
FILES
distfile
Input command file.
$TMPDIR/rdist*
Temporary file for update lists.
SEE ALSO
Commands: sh(1), csh(1), rdist(1)
Functions: stat(2), rcmd(3)
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