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spell(1)
NAME
spell, spellin, spellout - Finds spelling errors
SYNOPSIS
spell [-b] [-i | -l] [-v | -x] [-d hash_list] [-s hash_stop]
[-h history_list] [+word_list] [file...]
spellin [list] [number]
spellout [-d] list
The spell command reads words in file and compares them to those in a
spelling list. Default files contain English words only, but you can
supply your own list of words in other languages.
STANDARDS
Interfaces documented on this reference page conform to industry standards
as follows:
spell: XCU5.0
Refer to the standards(5) reference page for more information about
industry standards and associated tags.
OPTIONS
[Tru64 UNIX] The following options are for the spell command only.
-b Checks for correct British spelling. Besides preferring centre,
colour, programme, speciality, travelled, and so on, this option causes
spell to insist upon the use of the infix -ise in words like
standardise.
-d hash_list
[Tru64 UNIX] Specifies hash_list as the alternate spelling list. The
default is /usr/lbin/spell/hlist[ab].
-h history_list
[Tru64 UNIX] Specifies history_list as the alternate history list that
is used to accumulate all output. The default is
/usr/lbin/spell/spellhist.
-i [Tru64 UNIX] Suppresses processing of included files through the .so
and .ne troff macros. If the -i and -l options are both specified, the
last one of the two options entered on the command line takes effect.
-l [Tru64 UNIX] Follows the chain of all included files (.so and .nx
formatting commands). Without this option, spell follows chains of all
included files except for those beginning with /usr/lbin.
-s hash_stop
[Tru64 UNIX] Specifies hash_stop as the alternate stop list that is
used to filter out misspellings (for example, thier=thy-y+ier) that
would otherwise pass. The default is /usr/lbin/spell/hstop.
-v Displays all words not literally in the spelling list and indicates
plausible derivations from the words.
-x Displays every plausible word stem with an = (equal sign).
+word_list
Checks word_list for additional word spellings. The word_list
identifies a file containing a sorted list of words, one per line.
With this option, you can specify, in addition to the spell command's
own spelling list, a set of correctly spelled words.
OPERANDS
file
Name of a file to be checked for spelling errors. In this parameter is
omitted, standard input is read.
list
[Tru64 UNIX] The name of an existing word list (file) to be updated
and replaced.
number
[Tru64 UNIX] The number of a hash code to be read from standard input.
DESCRIPTION
A word in this context is defined as a series of characters from the
following set in the POSIX locale:
[A-Za-z0-9'&.,;?:]
The first and last characters of a word are alphanumeric. Words that
cannot be matched in the spelling list or derived from words in the
spelling list (by applying certain inflections, prefixes, or suffixes) are
written to standard output. If you do not specify a file to read, spell
reads standard input.
[Tru64 UNIX] The spell command ignores the same nroff, tbl, and neqn
constructs as the deroff command.
[Tru64 UNIX] Certain auxiliary files can be specified by file name
arguments following the -d, -s, and -h options. Copies of all output can
be accumulated in the history file.
Auxiliary Commands and Routines
[Tru64 UNIX] The spellin command creates a spelling list for use by the
spell command. The argument for the spellin command can be a list file or
a number. The spellin command combines the words from the standard input
and the preexisting list file and places a new list on the standard output.
If no list file is specified, a new list is created. If number is
specified, the spellin command reads the specified number hash code from
standard input and writes a compressed spelling list.
[Tru64 UNIX] The spellout command looks up each word from the standard
input and prints on the standard output those that are missing from the
hashed list file. The -d option reverses this, printing those that are
present in the hashed list file. (Note that the -d option of spellout is
not the same as the -d option of spell. See OPTIONS.)
[Tru64 UNIX] Three routines help maintain and check the hash lists used by
spell:
/usr/lbin/spell/hashmake
[Tru64 UNIX] Reads a list of words from standard input and writes the
corresponding 9-digit hash code to standard output.
/usr/lbin/spell/hashcheck spelling_list
[Tru64 UNIX] Reads a compressed spelling_list and re-creates the 9-
digit hash codes for all the words in it; it writes these codes to
standard output.
/usr/bin/spellin number
[Tru64 UNIX] Reads number hash codes from standard input and writes a
compressed spelling list to standard output.
NOTES
The spell utility is marked LEGACY in XCU Issue 5.
The coverage of the spelling list is uneven. For best results, create your
own dictionary of special words used in your files.
Compatibility Notes
[Tru64 UNIX] Ported 4.3BSD dictionary must be rebuilt from the original
word list using the spellin command.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
EXAMPLES
1. To check the spelling of American English words in the file chap1,
enter:
spell chap1 >mistakes
This creates a file named mistakes containing all the words found in
chap1 that are not in the system spelling dictionary. Some of these
may be correctly spelled words that spell does not know about. It is
a good idea to save the output of spell in a file because the word
list may be long.
2. To check British English spelling, enter:
spell -b chap1 >mistakes
This checks chap1 against the British dictionary and writes the
questionable words in mistakes.
3. To see how spell derives words, enter:
spell -v chap1 >deriv
This lists the words that are not found literally in the dictionary,
but are derived forms of dictionary words. The prefixes and suffixes
used to form the derivative are indicated for each word. Words that do
not appear in the dictionary at all are also listed.
4. To check your spelling against an additional word list, enter:
spell +new_words chap1
This checks the spelling of words in chap1 against the system
dictionary and against new_words. The file new_words lists words in
alphabetical order, one per line. You can create this file with a text
editor, such as ed, and collate it with the sort command.
5. To add a word to your spelling list, enter:
echo hooky | spellout /usr/lbin/spell/hlista
echo hooky | spellin /usr/lbin/spell/hlista > myhlist
spell -d myhlist huckfinn
This example verifies that hooky is not on the default spelling list,
adds it to your private list, and then uses it with the spell command.
An alternative way is to place hooky into the sorted file new_words,
as in Example 4.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables affect the execution of spell:
LANG
Provides a default value for the internationalization variables that
are unset or null. If LANG is unset or null, the corresponding value
from the default locale is used. If any of the internationalization
variables contain an invalid setting, the utility behaves as if none of
the variables had been defined.
LC_ALL
If set to a non-empty string value, overrides the values of all the
other internationalization variables.
LC_CTYPE
Determines the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of
text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to
multibyte characters in arguments).
LC_MESSAGES
Determines the locale for the format and contents of diagnostic
messages written to standard error.
NLSPATH
Determines the location of message catalogues for the processing of
LC_MESSAGES.
FILES
/usr/lbin/spell/hlist[ab]
Hashed spelling lists, American and British English.
/usr/lbin/spell/hstop
Hashed stop list.
/usr/lbin/spell/spellhist
History file.
/usr/lbin/spell/compress
Executable shell program to compress the history file.
/usr/lbin/spell/spellprog
Main program called by spell.
SEE ALSO
Commands: deroff(1), neqn(1), nroff(1), sed(1), sort(1), tbl(1), tee(1)
Standards: standards(5)
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Alphabetical
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