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mwm(1X)
OSF/Motif
NAME
mwm - The Motif Window Manager
SYNOPSIS
mwm [flags]
OPTIONS
-display display
Specifies the display to use; see X(1X).
-xrm resourcestring
Specifies a resource string to use.
-multiscreen
Causes mwm to manage all screens on the display. The default is to
manage only a single screen.
-name name
Causes mwm to retrieve its resources using the specified name, as in
name*resource.
-screens name [name [...]]
Specifies the resource names to use for the screens managed by mwm. If
mwm is managing a single screen, only the first name in the list is
used. If mwm is managing multiple screens, the names are assigned to
the screens in order, starting with screen 0. Screen 0 gets the first
name, screen 1 the second name, and so on.
DESCRIPTION
The mwm utility is an X Window System client that provides window
management functionality and some session management functionality. It
provides functions that facilitate control (by the user and the programmer)
of elements of window state such as placement, size, icon/normal display,
and input-focus ownership. It also provides session management functions
such as stopping a client.
Appearance
The following sections describe the basic default behaviors of windows,
icons, the icon box, input focus, and window stacking. The appearance and
behavior of the window manager can be altered by changing the configuration
of specific resources. Resources are defined under the heading "X
Defaults".
Screens
By default, mwm manages only the single screen specified by the -display
option or the DISPLAY environment variable (by default, screen 0). If the
-multiscreen option is specified or if the multiScreen resource is True,
mwm tries to manage all the screens on the display.
When mwm is managing multiple screens, the -screens option can be used to
give each screen a unique resource name. The names are separated by blanks,
for example, -screens mwm0 mwm1. If there are more screens than names,
resources for the remaining screens will be retrieved using the first name.
By default, the screen number is used for the screen name.
Windows
Default mwm window frames have distinct components with associated
functions:
Title Area
In addition to displaying the client's title, the title area is used to
move the window. To move the window, place the pointer over the title
area, press button 1 and drag the window to a new location. By
default, a wire frame is moved during the drag to indicate the new
location. When the button is released, the window is moved to the new
location.
Title Bar
The title bar includes the title area, the minimize button, the
maximize button, and the window menu button. In shaped windows, such as
round windows, the title bar floats above the window.
Minimize Button
To turn the window into an icon, click button 1 on the minimize button
(the frame box with a small square in it).
Maximize Button
To make the window fill the screen (or enlarge to the largest size
allowed by the configuration files), click button 1 on the maximize
button (the frame box with a large square in it).
Window Menu Button
The window menu button is the frame box with a horizontal bar in it. To
pull down the window menu, press button 1. While pressing, drag the
pointer on the menu to your selection, then release the button when
your selection is highlighted. Pressing button 3 in the title bar or
resize border handles also posts the window menu. Alternately, you can
click button 1 to pull down the menu and keep it posted; then position
the pointer and select. You can also post the window menu by pressing
[Shift] [Esc] or [Alt] [Space]. Double-clicking button 1 with the
pointer on the window menu button closes the window. The following
table lists the contents of the window menu.
_______________________________________________________
Default Window Menu
Selection Accelerator Description
_______________________________________________________
Restore Alt+F5
Restores the window to its
size before minimizing or
maximizing
Move Alt+F7
Allows the window to be moved
with keys or mouse
Size Alt+F8
Allows the window to be
resized
Minimize Alt+F9 Turns the window into an icon
Maximize Alt+F10
Makes the window fill the
screen
Lower Alt+F3
Moves window to bottom of
window stack
Close Alt+F4 Causes client to terminate
_______________________________________________________
Resize Border Handles
To change the size of a window, move the pointer over a resize border
handle (the cursor changes), press button 1, and drag the window to a
new size. When the button is released, the window is resized. While
dragging is being done, a rubber-band outline is displayed to indicate
the new window size.
Matte
An optional matte decoration can be added between the client area and
the window frame. A matte is not actually part of the window frame.
There is no functionality associated with a matte.
Icons
Icons are small graphic representations of windows. A window can be
minimized (iconified) using the minimize button on the window frame. Icons
provide a way to reduce clutter on the screen.
Pressing mouse button 1 when the pointer is over an icon causes the icon's
window menu to pop up. Releasing the button (press + release without
moving mouse = click) causes the menu to stay posted. The menu contains the
following selections:
___________________________________________________________________
Icon Window Menu
Selection Accelerator Description
___________________________________________________________________
Restore Alt+F5 Opens the associated window
Move Alt+F7 Allows the icon to be moved with keys
Size Alt+F8 Inactive (not an option for icons)
Minimize Alt+F9 Inactive (not an option for icons)
Maximize Alt+F10
Opens the associated window and makes it
fill the screen
Lower Alt+F3 Moves icon to bottom of icon stack
Close Alt+F4
Removes client from mwm management
___________________________________________________________________
Note that pressing button 3 over an icon also causes the icon's window menu
to pop up. To make a menu selection, drag the pointer over the menu and
release button 3 when the desired item is highlighted.
Double-clicking button 1 on an icon invokes the f.restore_and_raise
function and restores the icon's associated window to its previous state.
For example, if a maximized window is iconified, then double-clicking
button 1 restores it to its maximized state. Double-clicking button 1 on
the icon box's icon opens the icon box and allows access to the contained
icons. (In general, double-clicking a mouse button is a quick way to
perform a function.) Pressing [Shift] [Esc] or [Menu] (the pop-up menu key)
causes the icon window menu of the currently selected icon to pop up.
Icon Box
When icons begin to clutter the screen, they can be packed into an icon
box. (To use an icon box, mwm must be started with the icon box
configuration already set.) The icon box is a mwm window that holds client
icons. It includes one or more scroll bars when there are more window icons
than the icon box can show at the same time.
Icons in the icon box can be manipulated with the mouse. The following
table summarizes the behavior of this interface. Button actions apply
whenever the pointer is on any part of the icon. Note that double-clicking
an icon in the icon box invokes the f.restore_and_raise function.
__________________________________________________________________________
Button Action Description
__________________________________________________________________________
Button 1 click Selects the icon
Button 1 double-click Normalizes (opens) the associated window
Raises an already open window to the top of the
stack
Button 1 drag Moves the icon
Button 3 press Causes the menu for that icon to pop up
Button 3 drag
Highlights items as the pointer moves across the
menu
__________________________________________________________________________
Pressing mouse button 3 when the pointer is over an icon causes the menu
for that icon to pop up.
___________________________________________________________________
Icon Menu for the Icon Box
Selection Accelerator Description
___________________________________________________________________
Restore Alt+F5
Opens the associated window (if not
already open)
Move Alt+F7 Allows the icon to be moved with keys
Size Alt+F8 Inactive
Minimize Alt+F9 Inactive
Maximize Alt+F10
Opens the associated window (if not
already open) and maximizes its size
Lower Alt+F3 Inactive
Close Alt+F4
Removes client from mwm management
___________________________________________________________________
To pull down the window menu for the icon box itself, press button 1 with
the pointer over the menu button for the icon box. The window menu of the
icon box differs from the window menu of a client window: The "Close"
selection is replaced with the "PackIcons Shift+Alt+F7" selection. When
selected, PackIcons packs the icons in the box to achieve neat rows with no
empty slots.
You can also post the window menu by pressing [Shift] [Esc] or [Alt]
[Space]. Pressing [Menu] (the pop-up menu key) causes the icon window menu
of the currently selected icon to pop up.
Input Focus
mwm supports (by default) a keyboard input focus policy of explicit
selection. This means when a window is selected to get keyboard input, it
continues to get keyboard input until the window is withdrawn from window
management, another window is explicitly selected to get keyboard input, or
the window is iconified. Several resources control the input focus. The
client window with the keyboard input focus has the active window
appearance with a visually distinct window frame.
The following tables summarize the keyboard input focus selection behavior:
_________________________________________________________________
Button Action Object Function Description
_________________________________________________________________
Button 1 press Window / window frame Keyboard focus selection
Button 1 press Icon Keyboard focus selection
_________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Key Action Function Description
__________________________________________________________________________
[Alt][Tab]
Move input focus to next window in window stack
(available only in explicit focus mode)
[Alt][Shift][Tab]
Move input focus to previous window in window stack
(available only in explicit focus mode)
__________________________________________________________________________
Window Stacking
There are two types of window stacks: global window stacks and an
application's local family window stack.
The global stacking order of windows may be changed as a result of setting
the keyboard input focus, iconifying a window, or performing a window
manager window stacking function. When keyboard focus policy is explicit
the default value of the focusAutoRaise resource is True. This causes a
window to be raised to the top of the stack when it receives input focus,
for example, by pressing button 1 on the title bar. The key actions
defined in the previous table will thus raise the window receiving focus to
the top of the stack.
In pointer mode, the default value of focusAutoRaise is False, that is, the
window stacking order is not changed when a window receives keyboard input
focus. The following key actions can be used to cycle through the global
window stack.
_______________________________________________________
Key Action Function Description
_______________________________________________________
[Alt][ESC] Place top window on bottom of stack
[Alt][Shift][ESC] Place bottom window on top of stack
_______________________________________________________
By default, a window's icon is placed on the bottom of the stack when the
window is iconified; however, the default can be changed by the
lowerOnIconify resource.
Transient windows (secondary windows such a dialog boxes) stay above their
parent windows by default. However, an application's local family stacking
order may be changed to allow a transient window to be placed below its
parent top-level window. The following parameters show the modification of
the stacking order for the f.lower function.
f.lower
Lowers the transient window within the family (staying above the
parent) and lowers the family in the global window stack.
f.lower [within]
Lowers the transient window within the family (staying above the
parent) but does not lower the family in the global window stack.
f.lower [freeFamily]
Lowers the window free from its family stack (below the parent), but
does not lower the family in the global window stack.
The parameters within and freeFamily can also be used with f.raise and
f.raise_lower.
X Defaults
mwm is configured from its resource database. This database is built from
the following sources. They are listed in order of precedence, low to high:
/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Mwm
$HOME/Mwm
RESOURCE_MANAGER root window property or $HOME/.Xdefaults
XENVIRONMENT variable or $HOME/.Xdefaults-host
mwm command line options
The file names /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Mwm and $HOME/Mwm represent
customary locations for these files. The actual location of the system-wide
class resource file may depend on the XFILESEARCHPATH environment variable
and the current language environment. The actual location of the user-
specific class resource file may depend on the XUSERFILESEARCHPATH and
XAPPLRESDIR environment variables and the current language environment.
Entries in the resource database may refer to other resource files for
specific types of resources. These include files that contain bitmaps,
fonts, and mwm specific resources such as menus and behavior specifications
(for example, button and key bindings).
Mwm is the resource class name of mwm and mwm is the default resource name
used by mwm to look up resources. the -screens command line option
specifies resource names, such as "mwm_b+w" and "mwm_color".) In the
following discussion of resource specification, "Mwm" and "mwm" (and the
aliased mwm resource names) can be used interchangeably, but "mwm" takes
precedence over "Mwm".
mwm uses the following types of resources:
Component Appearance Resources:
These resources specify appearance attributes of window manager user
interface components. They can be applied to the appearance of window
manager menus, feedback windows (for example, the window reconfiguration
feedback window), client window frames, and icons.
General Appearance and Behavior Resources:
These resources specify mwm appearance and behavior (for example, window
management policies). They are not set separately for different mwm user
interface components.
Client Specific Resources:
These mwm resources can be set for a particular client window or class of
client windows. They specify client-specific icon and client window frame
appearance and behavior.
Resource identifiers can be either a resource name (for example,
foreground) or a resource class (for example, Foreground). If the value of
a resource is a filename and if the filename is prefixed by "~/", then it
is relative to the path contained in the HOME environment variable
(generally the user's home directory).
Component Appearance Resources
The syntax for specifying component appearance resources that apply to
window manager icons, menus, and client window frames is:
Mwm*resource_id
For example, Mwm*foreground is used to specify the foreground color for mwm
menus, icons, client window frames, and feedback dialogs.
The syntax for specifying component appearance resources that apply to a
particular mwm component is:
Mwm*[menu|icon|client|feedback]*resource_id
If menu is specified, the resource is applied only to mwm menus; if icon is
specified, the resource is applied to icons; and if client is specified,
the resource is applied to client window frames. For example,
Mwm*icon*foreground is used to specify the foreground color for mwm icons,
Mwm*menu*foreground specifies the foreground color for mwm menus, and
Mwm*client*foreground is used to specify the foreground color for mwm
client window frames.
The appearance of the title area of a client window frame (including window
management buttons) can be separately configured. The syntax for
configuring the title area of a client window frame is
Mwm*client*title*resource_id
For example, Mwm*client*title*foreground specifies the foreground color for
the title area. Defaults for title area resources are based on the values
of the corresponding client window frame resources.
The appearance of menus can be configured based on the name of the menu.
The syntax for specifying menu appearance by name is
Mwm*menu*menu_name*resource_id
For example, Mwm*menu*my_menu*foreground specifies the foreground color for
the menu named my_menu. The user can also specify resources for window
manager menu components, that is, the gadgets which comprise the menu.
These may include for example, a menu title, title separator, one or more
buttons, and separators. If a menu contains more than one instance of a
class, such as multiple PushButtonGadgets, the name of the first instance
is "PushButtonGadget1", the second is "PushButtonGadget2", and so on. The
following list identifies the naming convention used for window manager
menu components:
· Menu Title LabelGadget--"TitleName"
· Menu Title SeparatorGadget--"TitleSeparator"
· CascadeButtonGadget--"CascadeButtonGadget<n>"
· PushButtonGadget--"PushButtonGadget<n>"
· SeparatorGadget--"SeparatorGadget<n>"
Refer to the man page for each class for a list of resources which can be
specified.
The following component appearance resources that apply to all window
manager parts can be specified:
____________________________________________________________________
Component Appearance Resources--All Window Manager Parts
Name Class Value Type Default
____________________________________________________________________
background Background color varies*
backgroundPixmap BackgroundPixmap string** varies*
bottomShadowColor Foreground color varies*
bottomShadowPixmap BottomShadowPixmap string** varies*
fontList FontList string***
"fixed"
foreground Foreground color varies*
saveUnder SaveUnder T/F F
topShadowColor Background color varies*
topShadowPixmap TopShadowPixmap string** varies*
____________________________________________________________________
* The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
** Image name. See XmInstallImage(3X).
*** X11 X Logical Font Description
background (class Background)
This resource specifies the background color. Any legal X color may be
specified. The default value is chosen based on the visual type of the
screen.
backgroundPixmap (class BackgroundPixmap)
This resource specifies the background Pixmap of the mwm decoration
when the window is inactive (does not have the keyboard focus). The
default value is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
bottomShadowColor (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow color. This color is used for
the lower and right bevels of the window manager decoration. Any legal
X color may be specified. The default value is chosen based on the
visual type of the screen.
bottomShadowPixmap (class BottomShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow Pixmap. This Pixmap is used
for the lower and right bevels of the window manager decoration. The
default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
fontList (class FontList)
This resource specifies the font used in the window manager decoration.
The character encoding of the font should match the character encoding
of the strings that are used. The default is "fixed."
foreground (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the foreground color. The default is chosen
based on the visual type of the screen.
saveUnder (class SaveUnder)
This is used to indicate whether "save unders" are used for mwm
components. For this to have any effect, save unders must be
implemented by the X server. If save unders are implemented, the X
server saves the contents of windows obscured by windows that have the
save under attribute set. If the saveUnder resource is True, mwm will
set the save under attribute on the window manager frame of any client
that has it set. If saveUnder is False, save unders will not be used
on any window manager frames. The default value is False.
topShadowColor (class Background)
This resource specifies the top shadow color. This color is used for
the upper and left bevels of the window manager decoration. The default
is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
topShadowPixmap ( class TopShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the top shadow Pixmap. This Pixmap is used for
the upper and left bevels of the window manager decoration. The default
is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
The following component appearance resources that apply to frame and icons
can be specified:
____________________________________________________________________
Frame and Icon Components
Name Class Value Type Default
____________________________________________________________________
activeBackground Background color varies*
BackgroundPixmap string** varies*
activeBackgroundPixmap
Foreground color varies*
activeBottomShadowColor
string** varies*
activeBottomShadowPixmap
BottomShadowPixmap
activeForeground Foreground color varies*
activeTopShadowColor Background color varies*
TopShadowPixmap string** varies*
activeTopShadowPixmap
____________________________________________________________________
* The default is chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
** See XmInstallImage(3X).
activeBackground (class Background)
This resource specifies the background color of the mwm decoration when
the window is active (has the keyboard focus). The default is chosen
based on the visual type of the screen.
activeBackgroundPixmap (class ActiveBackgroundPixmap)
This resource specifies the background Pixmap of the mwm decoration
when the window is active (has the keyboard focus). The default is
chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
activeBottomShadowColor (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow color of the mwm decoration
when the window is active (has the keyboard focus). The default is
chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
activeBottomShadowPixmap (class BottomShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow Pixmap of the mwm decoration
when the window is active (has the keyboard focus). The default is
chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
activeForeground (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the foreground color of the mwm decoration when
the window is active (has the keyboard focus). The default is chosen
based on the visual type of the screen.
activeTopShadowColor (class Background)
This resource specifies the top shadow color of the mwm decoration when
the window is active (has the keyboard focus). The default is chosen
based on the visual type of the screen.
activeTopShadowPixmap (class TopShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the top shadow Pixmap of the mwm decoration
when the window is active (has the keyboard focus). The default is
chosen based on the visual type of the screen.
General Appearance and Behavior Resources
The syntax for specifying general appearance and behavior resources is:
Mwm*resource_id
For example, Mwm*keyboardFocusPolicy specifies the window manager policy
for setting the keyboard focus to a particular client window.
The following general appearance and behavior resources can be specified:
_______________________________________________________________________________
General Appearance and Behavior Resources
Name Class Value Type Default
_______________________________________________________________________________
autoKeyFocus AutoKeyFocus T/F T
autoRaiseDelay AutoRaiseDelay millisec 500
bitmapDirectory BitmapDirectory directory
/usr/include/\
X11/bitmaps
buttonBindings ButtonBindings string
"DefaultBut\
tonBindings"
cleanText CleanText T/F T
clientAutoPlace ClientAutoPlace T/F T
string keyboard
colormapFocusPolicy
ColormapFocusPolicy
configFile ConfigFile file .mwmrc
deiconifyKeyFocus DeiconifyKeyFocus T/F T
doubleClickTime DoubleClickTime millisec.
multi-click
time
enableWarp enableWarp T/F T
enforceKeyFocus EnforceKeyFocus T/F T
fadeNormalIcon FadeNormalIcon T/F F
feedbackGeometry FeedbackGeometry string
center on
screen
frameBorderWidth FrameBorderWidth pixels varies
iconAutoPlace IconAutoPlace T/F T
iconBoxGeometry IconBoxGeometry string 6x1+0-0
iconBoxName IconBoxName string iconbox
string all
iconBoxSBDisplayPolicy
IconBoxSBDisplayPolicy
iconBoxTitle IconBoxTitle XmString Icons
iconClick IconClick T/F T
iconDecoration IconDecoration string varies
iconImageMaximum IconImageMaximum wxh 50x50
iconImageMinimum IconImageMinimum wxh 16x16
iconPlacement IconPlacement string left bottom
pixels varies
iconPlacementMargin
IconPlacementMargin
T/F F
interactivePlacement
InteractivePlacement
keyBindings KeyBindings string
"DefaultKey\
Bindings"
string explicit
keyboardFocusPolicy
KeyboardFocusPolicy
limitResize LimitResize T/F T
lowerOnIconify LowerOnIconify T/F T
maximumMaximumSize wxh (pixels) 2X screen w&h
MaximumMaximumSize
moveThreshold MoveThreshold pixels 4
moveOpaque MoveOpaque T/F F
multiScreen MultiScreen T/F F
passButtons PassButtons T/F F
passSelectButton PassSelectButton T/F T
positionIsFrame PositionIsFrame T/F T
positionOnScreen PositionOnScreen T/F T
quitTimeout QuitTimeout millisec. 1000
raiseKeyFocus RaiseKeyFocus T/F F
resizeBorderWidth ResizeBorderWidth pixels varies
resizeCursors ResizeCursors T/F T
screens Screens string varies
showFeedback ShowFeedback string all
startupKeyFocus StartupKeyFocus T/F T
string menu title
transientDecoration
TransientDecoration
transientFunctions string
TransientFunctions
-minimize
-maximize
useIconBox UseIconBox T/F F
wMenuButtonClick WMenuButtonClick T/F T
wMenuButtonClick2 WMenuButtonClick2 T/F T
_______________________________________________________________________________
autoKeyFocus (class AutoKeyFocus)
This resource is available only when the keyboard input focus policy is
explicit. If autoKeyFocus is given a value of True, then when a window
with the keyboard input focus is withdrawn from window management or is
iconified, the focus is set to the previous window that had the focus.
If the value given is False, there is no automatic setting of the
keyboard input focus. It is recommended that both autoKeyFocus and
startupKeyFocus be True to work with tear off menus. The default value
is True.
autoRaiseDelay (class AutoRaiseDelay)
This resource is available only when the focusAutoRaise resource is
True and the keyboard focus policy is pointer. The autoRaiseDelay
resource specifies the amount of time (in milliseconds) that mwm will
wait before raising a window after it gets the keyboard focus. The
default value of this resource is 500 (ms).
bitmapDirectory (class BitmapDirectory)
This resource identifies a directory to be searched for bitmaps
referenced by mwm resources. This directory is searched if a bitmap is
specified without an absolute pathname. The default value for this
resource is /usr/include/X11/bitmaps. The directory
/usr/include/X11/bitmaps represents the customary locations for this
directory. The actual location of this directory may vary on some
systems. If the bitmap is not found in the specified directory,
XBMLANGPATH is searched.
buttonBindings (class ButtonBindings)
This resource identifies the set of button bindings for window
management functions. The named set of button bindings is specified in
the mwm resource description file. These button bindings are merged
with the built-in default bindings. The default value for this resource
is "DefaultButtonBindings".
cleanText (class CleanText)
This resource controls the display of window manager text in the client
title and feedback windows. If the default value of True is used, the
text is drawn with a clear (no stipple) background. This makes text
easier to read on monochrome systems where a backgroundPixmap is
specified. Only the stippling in the area immediately around the text
is cleared. If False, the text is drawn directly on top of the
existing background.
clientAutoPlace (class ClientAutoPlace)
This resource determines the position of a window when the window has
not been given a program- or user-specified position. With a value of
True, windows are positioned with the top left corners of the frames
offset horizontally and vertically. A value of False causes the
currently configured position of the window to be used. In either
case, mwm will attempt to place the windows totally on-screen. The
default value is True.
colormapFocusPolicy (class ColormapFocusPolicy)
This resource indicates the colormap focus policy that is to be used.
If the resource value is explicit, a colormap selection action is done
on a client window to set the colormap focus to that window. If the
value is pointer, the client window containing the pointer has the
colormap focus. If the value is keyboard, the client window that has
the keyboard input focus has the colormap focus. The default value for
this resource is keyboard.
configFile (class ConfigFile)
The resource value is the pathname for an mwm resource description
file.
If the pathname begins with "~/", mwm considers it to be relative to
the user's home directory (as specified by the HOME environment
variable). If the LANG environment variable is set, mwm looks for
$HOME/$LANG/configFile. If that file does not exist or if LANG is not
set, mwm looks for $HOME/configFile.
If the configFile pathname does not begin with ~/, mwm considers it to
be relative to the current working directory.
If the configFile resource is not specified or if that file does not
exist, mwm uses several default paths to find a configuration file. If
the LANG environment variable is set, mwm looks for the configuration
file first in $HOME/$LANG/.mwmrc. If that file does not exist or if
LANG is not set, mwm looks for $HOME/.mwmrc. If that file does not
exist and if LANG is set, mwm next looks for the file system.mwmrc in
the $LANG subdirectory of an implementation-dependent directory. (The
default for this directory, if not changed by the implementation, is
/usr/lib/X11.) If that file does not exist or if LANG is not set, mwm
looks for the file system.mwmrc in the same implementation-dependent
directory.
deiconifyKeyFocus (class DeiconifyKeyFocus)
This resource applies only when the keyboard input focus policy is
explicit. If a value of True is used, a window receives the keyboard
input focus when it is normalized (deiconified). True is the default
value.
doubleClickTime (class DoubleClickTime)
This resource is used to set the maximum time (in ms) between the
clicks (button presses) that make up a double-click. The default value
of this resource is the display's multi-click time.
enableWarp (class EnableWarp)
The default value of this resource, True, causes mwm to warp the
pointer to the center of the selected window during keyboard-controlled
resize and move operations. Setting the value to False causes mwm to
leave the pointer at its original place on the screen, unless the user
explicitly moves it with the cursor keys or pointing device.
enforceKeyFocus (class EnforceKeyFocus)
If this resource is given a value of True, the keyboard input focus is
always explicitly set to selected windows even if there is an
indication that they are "globally active" input windows. (An example
of a globally active window is a scroll bar that can be operated
without setting the focus to that client.) If the resource is False,
the keyboard input focus is not explicitly set to globally active
windows. The default value is True.
fadeNormalIcon (class FadeNormalIcon)
If this resource is given a value of True, an icon is grayed out
whenever it has been normalized (its window has been opened). The
default value is False.
feedbackGeometry (class FeedbackGeometry)
This resource sets the position of the move and resize feedback window.
If this resource is not specified, the default is to place the feedback
window at the center of the screen. The value of the resource is a
standard window geometry string with the following syntax:
[=]{+-}xoffset{+-}yoffset]
frameBorderWidth (class FrameBorderWidth)
This resource specifies the width (in pixels) of a client window frame
border without resize handles. The border width includes the 3-D
shadows. The default value is based on the size and resolution of the
screen.
iconAutoPlace (class IconAutoPlace)
This resource indicates whether the window manager arranges icons in a
particular area of the screen or places each icon where the window was
when it was iconified. The value True indicates that icons are
arranged in a particular area of the screen, determined by the
iconPlacement resource. The value False indicates that an icon is
placed at the location of the window when it is iconified. The default
is True.
iconBoxGeometry (class IconBoxGeometry)
This resource indicates the initial position and size of the icon box.
The value of the resource is a standard window geometry string with the
following syntax:
[=][widthxheight][{+-}xoffset{+-}yoffset]
If the offsets are not provided, the iconPlacement policy is used to
determine the initial placement. The units for width and height are
columns and rows.
The actual screen size of the icon box window depends on the
iconImageMaximum (size) and iconDecoration resources. The default
value for size is (6 * iconWidth + padding) wide by (1 * iconHeight +
padding) high. The default value of the location is +0 -0.
iconBoxName (class IconBoxName)
This resource specifies the name that is used to look up icon box
resources. The default name is "iconbox".
iconBoxSBDisplayPolicy (class IconBoxSBDisplayPolicy)
This resource specifies the scroll bar display policy of the window
manager in the icon box. The resource has three possible values: all,
vertical, and horizontal. The default value, "all", causes both
vertical and horizontal scroll bars always to appear. The value
"vertical" causes a single vertical scroll bar to appear in the icon
box and sets the orientation of the icon box to horizontal (regardless
of the iconBoxGeometry specification). The value "horizontal" causes a
single horizontal scroll bar to appear in the icon box and sets the
orientation of the icon box to vertical (regardless of the
iconBoxGeometry specification).
iconBoxTitle (class IconBoxTitle)
This resource specifies the name that is used in the title area of the
icon box frame. The default value is "Icons".
iconClick (class IconClick)
When this resource is given the value of True, the system menu is
posted and left posted when an icon is clicked. The default value is
True.
iconDecoration (class IconDecoration)
This resource specifies the general icon decoration. The resource value
is label (only the label part is displayed) or image (only the image
part is displayed) or label image (both the label and image parts are
displayed). A value of activelabel can also be specified to get a
label (not truncated to the width of the icon) when the icon is
selected. The default icon decoration for icon box icons is that each
icon has a label part and an image part (label image). The default icon
decoration for stand alone icons is that each icon has an active label
part, a label part, and an image part (activelabel label image).
iconImageMaximum (class IconImageMaximum)
This resource specifies the maximum size of the icon image. The
resource value is widthxheight (for example, 64x64). The maximum
supported size is 128x128. The default value of this resource is 50x50.
iconImageMinimum (class IconImageMinimum)
This resource specifies the minimum size of the icon image. The
resource value is widthxheight (for example, 32x50). The minimum
supported size is 16x16. The default value of this resource is 16x16.
iconPlacement (class IconPlacement)
This resource specifies the icon placement scheme to be used. The
resource value has the following syntax:
primary_layout secondary_layout [tight]
The layout values are one of the following:
_________________________________________
Value Description
_________________________________________
top Lay the icons out top to bottom.
bottom Lay the icons out bottom to top.
left Lay the icons out left to right.
right Lay the icons out right to left.
_________________________________________
A horizontal (vertical) layout value should not be used for both the
primary_layout and the secondary_layout (for example, don't use top for
the primary_layout and bottom for the secondary_layout). The
primary_layout indicates whether, when an icon placement is done, the
icon is placed in a row or a column and the direction of placement.
The secondary_layout indicates where to place new rows or columns. For
example, top right indicates that icons should be placed top to bottom
on the screen and that columns should be added from right to left on
the screen. The default placement is left bottom (icons are placed left
to right on the screen, with the first row on the bottom of the screen,
and new rows added from the bottom of the screen to the top of the
screen). A tight value places icons with zero spacing in between
icons. This value is useful for aesthetic reasons, as well as X-
terminals with small screens.
iconPlacementMargin (class IconPlacementMargin)
This resource sets the distance between the edge of the screen and the
icons that are placed along the edge of the screen. The value should be
greater than or equal to 0. A default value (see below) is used if the
value specified is invalid. The default value for this resource is
equal to the space between icons as they are placed on the screen (this
space is based on maximizing the number of icons in each row and
column).
interactivePlacement (class InteractivePlacement)
This resource controls the initial placement of new windows on the
screen. If the value is True, the pointer shape changes before a new
window is placed on the screen to indicate to the user that a position
should be selected for the upper-left hand corner of the window. If the
value is False, windows are placed according to the initial window
configuration attributes. The default value of this resource is False.
keyBindings (class KeyBindings)
This resource identifies the set of key bindings for window management
functions. If specified, these key bindings replace the built-in
default bindings. The named set of key bindings is specified in mwm
resource description file. The default value for this resource is
"DefaultKeyBindings".
keyboardFocusPolicy (class KeyboardFocusPolicy)
If set to pointer, the keyboard focus policy is to have the keyboard
focus set to the client window that contains the pointer (the pointer
could also be in the client window decoration that mwm adds). If set to
explicit, the policy is to have the keyboard focus set to a client
window when the user presses button 1 with the pointer on the client
window or any part of the associated mwm decoration. The default value
for this resource is explicit.
limitResize (class LimitResize)
If this resource is True, the user is not allowed to resize a window to
greater than the maximum size. The default value for this resource is
True.
lowerOnIconify (class LowerOnIconify)
If this resource is given the default value of True, a window's icon
appears on the bottom of the window stack when the window is minimized
(iconified). A value of False places the icon in the stacking order at
the same place as its associated window. The default value of this
resource is True.
maximumMaximumSize (class MaximumMaximumSize)
This resource is used to limit the maximum size of a client window as
set by the user or client. The resource value is widthxheight (for
example, 1024x1024) where the width and height are in pixels. The
default value of this resource is twice the screen width and height.
moveOpaque (class MoveOpaque)
This resource controls whether the actual window is moved or a
rectangular outline of the window is moved. A default value of False
displays a rectangular outline on moves.
moveThreshold (class MoveThreshold)
This resource is used to control the sensitivity of dragging operations
that move windows and icons. The value of this resource is the number
of pixels that the locator is moved with a button down before the move
operation is initiated. This is used to prevent window/icon movement
when you click or double-click and there is unintentional pointer
movement with the button down. The default value of this resource is 4
(pixels).
multiScreen (class MultiScreen)
This resource, if True, causes mwm to manage all the screens on the
display. If False, mwm manages only a single screen. The default value
is False.
passButtons (class PassButtons)
This resource indicates whether or not button press events are passed
to clients after they are used to do a window manager function in the
client context. If the resource value is False, the button press is not
passed to the client. If the value is True, the button press is passed
to the client window. The window manager function is done in either
case. The default value for this resource is False.
passSelectButton (class PassSelectButton)
This resource indicates whether or not to pass the select button press
events to clients after they are used to do a window manager function
in the client context. If the resource value is False, then the button
press will not be passed to the client. If the value is True, the
button press is passed to the client window. The window manager
function is done in either case. The default value for this resource
is True.
positionIsFrame (class PositionIsFrame)
This resource indicates how client window position information (from
the WM_NORMAL_HINTS property and from configuration requests) is to be
interpreted. If the resource value is True, the information is
interpreted as the position of the MWM client window frame. If the
value is False, it is interpreted as being the position of the client
area of the window. The default value of this resource is True.
positionOnScreen (class PositionOnScreen)
This resource is used to indicate that windows should initially be
placed (if possible) so that they are not clipped by the edge of the
screen (if the resource value is True). If a window is larger than the
size of the screen, at least the upper-left corner of the window is
on-screen. If the resource value is False, windows are placed in the
requested position even if totally off-screen. The default value of
this resource is True.
quitTimeout (class QuitTimeout)
This resource specifies the amount of time (in milliseconds) that mwm
will wait for a client to update the WM_COMMAND property after mwm has
sent the WM_SAVE_YOURSELF message. The default value of this resource
is 1000 (ms). (Refer to the f.kill function description for additional
information.)
raiseKeyFocus (class RaiseKeyFocus)
This resource is available only when the keyboard input focus policy is
explicit. When set to True, this resource specifies that a window
raised by means of the f.normalize_and_raise function also receives the
input focus. The default value of this resource is False.
resizeBorderWidth (class ResizeBorderWidth)
This resource specifies the width (in pixels) of a client window frame
border with resize handles. The specified border width includes the
3-D shadows. The default value is based on the size and resolution of
the screen.
resizeCursors (class ResizeCursors)
This is used to indicate whether the resize cursors are always
displayed when the pointer is in the window size border. If True, the
cursors are shown, otherwise the window manager cursor is shown. The
default value is True.
screens (class Screens)
This resource specifies the resource names to use for the screens
managed by mwm. If mwm is managing a single screen, only the first name
in the list is used. If mwm is managing multiple screens, the names are
assigned to the screens in order, starting with screen 0. Screen 0 gets
the first name, screen 1 the second name, and so on. The default screen
names are 0, 1, and so on.
showFeedback (class ShowFeedback)
This resource controls whether or not feedback windows or confirmation
dialogs are displayed. A feedback window shows a client window's
initial placement and shows position and size during move and resize
operations. Confirmation dialogs can be displayed for certain
operations.
The value for this resource is a list of names of the feedback options
to be enabled or disabled; the names must be separated by a space. If
an option is preceded by a minus sign, that option is excluded from the
list. The sign of the first item in the list determines the initial set
of options. If the sign of the first option is minus, mwm assumes all
options are present and starts subtracting from that set. If the sign
of the first decoration is plus (or not specified), mwm starts with no
options and builds up a list from the resource.
The names of the feedback options are shown below:
___________________________________________________________
Name Description
___________________________________________________________
all Show all feedback (Default value)
behavior Confirm behavior switch
kill Confirm on receipt of KILL signal
move Show position during move
none Show no feedback
placement Show position and size during initial placement
quit Confirm quitting mwm
resize Show size during resize
restart Confirm mwm restart
___________________________________________________________
The following command line illustrates the syntax for showFeedback:
Mwm*showFeedback: placement resize behavior restart
This resource specification provides feedback for initial client
placement and resize, and enables the dialog boxes to confirm the
restart and set behavior functions. It disables feedback for the move
function. The default value for this resource is all.
startupKeyFocus (class StartupKeyFocus)
This resource is available only when the keyboard input focus policy is
explicit. When given the default value of True, a window gets the
keyboard input focus when the window is mapped (that is, initially
managed by the window manager). It is recommended that both
autoKeyFocus and startupKeyFocus be True to work with tear off menus.
The default value is True.
transientDecoration (class TransientDecoration)
This controls the amount of decoration that mwm puts on transient
windows. The decoration specification is exactly the same as for the
clientDecoration (client specific) resource. Transient windows are
identified by the WM_TRANSIENT_FOR property, which is added by the
client to indicate a relatively temporary window. The default value for
this resource is menu title (that is, transient windows have frame
borders and a titlebar with a window menu button).
An application can also specify which decorations mwm should apply to
its windows. If it does so, mwm applies only those decorations
indicated by both the application and the transientDecoration resource.
Otherwise, mwm applies the decorations indicated by the
transientDecoration resource. For more information see the description
of XmNmwmDecorations on the VendorShell(3X) reference page.
transientFunctions (class TransientFunctions)
This resource is used to indicate which window management functions are
applicable (or not applicable) to transient windows. The function
specification is exactly the same as for the clientFunctions (client
specific) resource. The default value for this resource is -minimize
-maximize.
An application can also specify which functions mwm should apply to its
windows. If it does so, mwm applies only those functions indicated by
both the application and the transientFunctions resource. Otherwise,
mwm applies the functions indicated by the transientFunctions resource.
For more information see the description of XmNmwmFunctions on the
VendorShell(3X) reference page.
useIconBox (class UseIconBox)
If this resource is given a value of True, icons are placed in an icon
box. When an icon box is not used, the icons are placed on the root
window (default value).
wMenuButtonClick (class WMenuButtonClick)
This resource indicates whether a click of the mouse when the pointer
is over the window menu button posts and leaves posted the window menu.
If the value given this resource is True, the menu remains posted.
True is the default value for this resource.
wMenuButtonClick2 (class WMenuButtonClick2)
When this resource is given the default value of True, a double-click
action on the window menu button does an f.kill function.
Client Specific Resources
The syntax for specifying client specific resources is:
Mwm*client_name_or_class*resource_id
For example, Mwm*mterm*windowMenu is used to specify the window menu to be
used with mterm clients. The syntax for specifying client specific
resources for all classes of clients is:
Mwm*resource_id
Specific client specifications take precedence over the specifications for
all clients. For example, Mwm*windowMenu is used to specify the window menu
to be used for all classes of clients that don't have a window menu
specified.
The syntax for specifying resource values for windows that have an unknown
name and class (that is, windows that do not have a WM_CLASS property
associated with them) is:
Mwm*defaults*resource_id
For example, Mwm*defaults*iconImage is used to specify the icon image to be
used for windows that have an unknown name and class.
The following client specific resources can be specified:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Client Specific Resources
Name Class Value Type Default
_____________________________________________________________________________________
clientDecoration ClientDecoration string all
clientFunctions ClientFunctions string all
focusAutoRaise FocusAutoRaise T/F varies
iconImage IconImage pathname (image)
Background color
iconImageBackground
icon
background
Foreground color
iconImageBottomShadowColor
icon bottom
shadow
color
iconImageBottomShadowPixmap
BottomShadow-
Pixmap
icon bottom
shadow pixmap
Foreground color varies
iconImageForeground
Background color
iconImageTopShadowColor
icon top
shadow color
TopShadow- Pixmap color
iconImageTopShadowPixmap
icon top
shadow pixmap
matteBackground Background color background
Foreground color
matteBottomShadowColor
bottom shadow
color
color
matteBottomShadowPixmap
BottomShadow-
Pixmap
bottom shadow
pixmap
matteForeground Foreground color foreground
Background color
matteTopShadowColor
top shadow
color
TopShadow- Pixmap color
matteTopShadowPixmap
top shadow
pixmap
matteWidth MatteWidth pixels 0
maximumClientSize MaximumClientSize
wxh vertical
horizontal
fill the
screen
useClientIcon UseClientIcon T/F F
usePPosition UsePPosition string nonzero
windowMenu WindowMenu string
"Default-
Window- Menu"
_____________________________________________________________________________________
clientDecoration (class ClientDecoration)
This resource controls the amount of window frame decoration. The
resource is specified as a list of decorations to specify their
inclusion in the frame. If a decoration is preceded by a minus sign,
that decoration is excluded from the frame. The sign of the first item
in the list determines the initial amount of decoration. If the sign of
the first decoration is minus, mwm assumes all decorations are present
and starts subtracting from that set. If the sign of the first
decoration is plus (or not specified), then mwm starts with no
decoration and builds up a list from the resource.
An application can also specify which decorations mwm should apply to
its windows. If it does so, mwm applies only those decorations
indicated by both the application and the clientDecoration resource.
Otherwise, mwm applies the decorations indicated by the
clientDecoration resource. For more information see the description of
XmNmwmDecorations on the VendorShell(3X) reference page.
__________________________________________________
Name Description
__________________________________________________
all Include all decorations (default value)
border Window border
maximize Maximize button (includes title bar)
minimize Minimize button (includes title bar)
none No decorations
resizeh Border resize handles (includes border)
menu Window menu button (includes title bar)
title Title bar (includes border)
__________________________________________________
Examples:
Mwm*XClock.clientDecoration: -resizeh -maximize
This example removes the resize handles and maximize button from
XClock windows.
Mwm*XClock.clientDecoration: menu minimize border
This examples does the same thing as the previous one. Note that
either menu or minimize implies title.
clientFunctions (class ClientFunctions)
This resource is used to indicate which mwm functions are
applicable (or not applicable) to the client window. The value for
the resource is a list of functions. If the first function in the
list has a minus sign in front of it, then mwm starts with all
functions and subtracts from that set. If the first function in the
list has a plus sign in front of it, then mwm starts with no
functions and builds up a list. Each function in the list must be
preceded by the appropriate plus or minus sign and separated from
the next function by a space.
An application can also specify which functions mwm should apply to
its windows. If it does so, mwm applies only those functions
indicated by both the application and the clientFunctions resource.
Otherwise, mwm applies the functions indicated by the
clientFunctions resource. For more information see the description
of XmNmwmFunctions on the VendorShell(3X) reference page.
The table below lists the functions available for this resource:
________________________________________________
Name Description
________________________________________________
all Include all functions (default value)
none No functions
resize f.resize
move f.move
minimize f.minimize
maximize f.maximize
close f.kill
________________________________________________
focusAutoRaise (class FocusAutoRaise)
When the value of this resource is True, clients are raised when
they get the keyboard input focus. If the value is False, the
stacking of windows on the display is not changed when a window
gets the keyboard input focus. The default value is True when the
keyboardFocusPolicy is explicit and False when the
keyboardFocusPolicy is pointer.
iconImage (class IconImage)
This resource can be used to specify an icon image for a client
(for example, "Mwm*myclock*iconImage"). The resource value is a
pathname for a bitmap file. The value of the (client specific)
useClientIcon resource is used to determine whether or not user
supplied icon images are used instead of client supplied icon
images. The default value is to display a built-in window manager
icon image.
iconImageBackground (class Background)
This resource specifies the background color of the icon image that
is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default value of
this resource is the icon background color (that is, specified by
"Mwm*background or Mwm*icon*background).
iconImageBottomShadowColor (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow color of the icon image
that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default value
of this resource is the icon bottom shadow color (that is,
specified by Mwm*icon*bottomShadowColor).
iconImageBottomShadowPixmap (class BottomShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow Pixmap of the icon image
that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default value
of this resource is the icon bottom shadow Pixmap (that is,
specified by Mwm*icon*bottomShadowPixmap).
iconImageForeground (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the foreground color of the icon image that
is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default value of
this resource varies depending on the icon background.
iconImageTopShadowColor (class Background)
This resource specifies the top shadow color of the icon image that
is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default value of
this resource is the icon top shadow color (that is, specified by
Mwm*icon*topShadowColor).
iconImageTopShadowPixmap (class TopShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the top shadow Pixmap of the icon image
that is displayed in the image part of an icon. The default value
of this resource is the icon top shadow pixmap (that is, specified
by Mwm*icon*topShadowPixmap).
matteBackground (class Background)
This resource specifies the background color of the matte, when
matteWidth is positive. The default value of this resource is the
client background color (that is, specified by "Mwm*background or
Mwm*client*background).
matteBottomShadowColor (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow color of the matte, when
matteWidth is positive. The default value of this resource is the
client bottom shadow color (that is, specified by
"Mwm*bottomShadowColor or Mwm*client*bottomShadowColor).
matteBottomShadowPixmap (class BottomShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the bottom shadow Pixmap of the matte, when
matteWidth is positive. The default value of this resource is the
client bottom shadow pixmap (that is, specified by
"Mwm*bottomShadowPixmap or Mwm*client*bottomShadowPixmap).
matteForeground (class Foreground)
This resource specifies the foreground color of the matte, when
matteWidth is positive. The default value of this resource is the
client foreground color (that is, specified by "Mwm*foreground or
Mwm*client*foreground).
matteTopShadowColor (class Background)
This resource specifies the top shadow color of the matte, when
matteWidth is positive. The default value of this resource is the
client top shadow color (that is, specified by "Mwm*topShadowColor
or Mwm*client*topShadowColor).
matteTopShadowPixmap (class TopShadowPixmap)
This resource specifies the top shadow pixmap of the matte, when
matteWidth is positive. The default value of this resource is the
client top shadow pixmap (that is, specified by
"Mwm*topShadowPixmap or Mwm*client*topShadowPixmap).
matteWidth (class MatteWidth)
This resource specifies the width of the optional matte. The
default value is 0, which effectively disables the matte.
maximumClientSize (class MaximumClientSize)
This resource is either a size specification or a direction that
indicates how a client window is to be maximized. The resource
value can be specified as a size specification widthxheight. The
width and height are interpreted in the units that the client uses
(for example, for terminal emulators this is generally characters).
Alternately, "vertical" or "horizontal" can be specified to
indicate the direction in which the client maximizes.
If this resource is not specified, the maximum size from the
WM_NORMAL_HINTS property is used if set. Otherwise the default
value is the size where the client window with window management
borders fills the screen. When the maximum client size is not
determined by the maximumClientSize resource, the
maximumMaximumSize resource value is used as a constraint on the
maximum size.
useClientIcon (class UseClientIcon)
If the value given for this resource is True, a client-supplied
icon image takes precedence over a user-supplied icon image. The
default value is False, giving the user-supplied icon image higher
precedence than the client-supplied icon image.
usePPosition (class UsePPosition)
This resource specifies whether Mwm honors program specified
position PPosition specified in the WM_NORMAL_HINTS property in the
absence of an user specified position. Setting this resource to
on, causes mwm to always honor program specified position. Setting
this resource to off, causes mwm to always ignore program specified
position. Setting this resource to the default value of nonzero
cause mwm to honor program specified position other than (0,0).
windowMenu (class WindowMenu)
This resource indicates the name of the menu pane that is posted
when the window menu is popped up (usually by pressing button 1 on
the window menu button on the client window frame). Menu panes are
specified in the MWM resource description file. Window menus can
be customized on a client class basis by specifying resources of
the form Mwm*client_name_or_class*windowMenu (see "Mwm Resource
Description File Syntax"). The default value of this resource is
"DefaultWindowMenu".
Resource Description File
The MWM resource description file is a supplementary resource file that
contains resource descriptions that are referred to by entries in the
defaults files (.Xdefaults, app-defaults/Mwm). It contains descriptions of
resources that are to be used by mwm, and that cannot be easily encoded in
the defaults files (a bitmap file is an analogous type of resource
description file). A particular mwm resource descriptionfile can be
selected using the configFile resource.
The following types of resources can be described in the mwm resource
description file:
Buttons
Window manager functions can be bound (associated) with button events.
Keys
Window manager functions can be bound (associated) with key press
events.
Menus
Menu panes can be used for the window menu and other menus posted with
key bindings and button bindings.
mwm Resource Description File Syntax
The mwm resource description file is a standard text file that contains
items of information separated by blanks, tabs, and newline characters.
Blank lines are ignored. Items or characters can be quoted to avoid special
interpretation (for example, the comment character can be quoted to prevent
it from being interpreted as the comment character). A quoted item can be
contained in double quotes ("). Single characters can be quoted by
preceding them by the backslash character (\). All text from an unquoted #
to the end of the line is regarded as a comment and is not interpreted as
part of a resource description. If ! is the first character in a line, the
line is regarded as a comment. If a line ends in a backslash character
(\), the next line is considered a continuation of that line. Window
manager functions can be accessed with button and key bindings, and with
window manager menus. Functions are indicated as part of the specifications
for button and key binding sets, and menu panes. The function specification
has the following syntax:
function = function_name [function_args]
function_name = window manager function
function_args = {quoted_item | unquoted_item}
The following functions are supported. If a function is specified that
isn't one of the supported functions, then it is interpreted by mwm as
f.nop.
f.beep
This function causes a beep.
f.circle_down [icon | window]
This function causes the window or icon that is on the top of the
window stack to be put on the bottom of the window stack (so that it no
longer obscures any other window or icon). This function affects only
those windows and icons that obscure other windows and icons, or that
are obscured by other windows and icons. Secondary windows (that is,
transient windows) are restacked with their associated primary window.
Secondary windows always stay on top of the associated primary window
and there can be no other primary windows between the secondary windows
and their primary window. If an icon function argument is specified,
the function applies only to icons. If a window function argument is
specified, the function applies only to windows.
f.circle_up [icon | window]
This function raises the window or icon on the bottom of the window
stack (so that it is not obscured by any other windows). This function
affects only those windows and icons that obscure other windows and
icons, or that are obscured by other windows and icons. Secondary
windows (that is, transient windows) are restacked with their
associated primary window. If an icon function argument is specified,
the function applies only to icons. If a window function argument is
specified, the function applies only to windows.
f.exec or !
This function causes command to be executed (using the value of the
MWMSHELL environment variable if it is set, otherwise the value of the
SHELL environment variable if it is set, otherwise /bin/sh). The !
notation can be used in place of the f.exec function name.
f.focus_color
This function sets the colormap focus to a client window. If this
function is done in a root context, the default colormap (set up by the
X Window System for the screen where MWM is running) is installed and
there is no specific client window colormap focus. This function is
treated as f.nop if colormapFocusPolicy is not explicit.
f.focus_key
This function sets the keyboard input focus to a client window or icon.
This function is treated as f.nop if keyboardFocusPolicy is not
explicit or the function is executed in a root context.
f.kill
This function is used to terminate a client. If the WM_DELETE_WINDOW
protocol is set up, the client is sent a client message event,
indicating that the client window should be deleted. If the
WM_SAVE_YOURSELF protocol is set up, the client is sent a client
message event, indicating that the client needs to prepare to be
terminated. If the client does not have the WM_DELETE_WINDOW or
WM_SAVE_YOURSELF protocol set up, this function causes a client's X
connection to be terminated (usually resulting in termination of the
client). Refer to the description of the quitTimeout resource and the
WM_PROTOCOLS property.
f.lower [-client | within | freeFamily]
This function lowers a primary window to the bottom of the global
window stack (where it obscures no other window) and lowers the
secondary window (transient window or dialog box) within the client
family. The arguments to this function are mutually exclusive.
The client argument indicates the name or class of a client to lower.
If the client argument is not specified, the context that the function
was invoked in indicates the window or icon to lower.
Specifying within lowers the secondary window within the family
(staying above the parent) but does not lower the client family in the
global window stack.
Specifying freeFamily lowers the window to the bottom of the global
windows stack from its local family stack.
f.maximize
This function causes a client window to be displayed with its maximum
size.
f.menu
This function associates a cascading (pull-right) menu with a menu pane
entry or a menu with a button or key binding. The menu_name function
argument identifies the menu to be used.
f.minimize
This function causes a client window to be minimized (iconified). When
a window is minimized when no icon box is used, its icon is placed on
the bottom of the window stack (so that it obscures no other window).
If an icon box is used, the client's icon changes to its iconified form
inside the icon box. Secondary windows (that is, transient windows) are
minimized with their associated primary window. There is only one icon
for a primary window and all its secondary windows.
f.move
This function causes a client window to be interactively moved.
f.next_cmap
This function installs the next colormap in the list of colormaps for
the window with the colormap focus.
f.next_key [icon | window | transient]
This function sets the keyboard input focus to the next window/icon in
the set of windows/icons managed by the window manager (the ordering of
this set is based on the stacking of windows on the screen). This
function is treated as f.nop if keyboardFocusPolicy is not explicit.
The keyboard input focus is moved only to windows that do not have an
associated secondary window that is application modal. If the transient
argument is specified, transient (secondary) windows are traversed
(otherwise, if only window is specified, traversal is done only to the
last focused window in a transient group). If an icon function argument
is specified, the function applies only to icons. If a window function
argument is specified, the function applies only to windows.
f.nop
This function does nothing.
f.normalize
This function causes a client window to be displayed with its normal
size. Secondary windows (that is, transient windows) are placed in
their normal state along with their associated primary window.
f.normalize_and_raise
This function causes the corresponding client window to be displayed
with its normal size and raised to the top of the window stack.
Secondary windows (that is, transient windows) are placed in their
normal state along with their associated primary window.
f.pack_icons
This function is used to relayout icons (based on the layout policy
being used) on the root window or in the icon box. In general this
causes icons to be "packed" into the icon grid.
f.pass_keys
This function is used to enable/disable (toggle) processing of key
bindings for window manager functions. When it disables key binding
processing, all keys are passed on to the window with the keyboard
input focus and no window manager functions are invoked. If the
f.pass_keys function is invoked with a key binding to disable key-
binding processing, the same key binding can be used to enable key-
binding processing.
f.post_wmenu
This function is used to post the window menu. If a key is used to
post the window menu and a window menu button is present, the window
menu is automatically placed with its top-left corner at the bottom-
left corner of the window menu button for the client window. If no
window menu button is present, the window menu is placed at the top-
left corner of the client window.
f.prev_cmap
This function installs the previous colormap in the list of colormaps
for the window with the colormap focus.
f.prev_key [icon | window | transient]
This function sets the keyboard input focus to the previous window/icon
in the set of windows/icons managed by the window manager (the ordering
of this set is based on the stacking of windows on the screen). This
function is treated as f.nop if keyboardFocusPolicy is not explicit.
The keyboard input focus is moved only to windows that do not have an
associated secondary window that is application modal. If the transient
argument is specified, transient (secondary) windows are traversed
(otherwise, if only window is specified, traversal is done only to the
last focused window in a transient group). If an icon function argument
is specified, the function applies only to icons. If an window function
argument is specified, the function applies only to windows.
f.quit_mwm
This function terminates mwm (but NOT the X window system).
f.raise [-client | within | freeFamily]
This function raises a primary window to the top of the global window
stack (where it is obscured by no other window) and raises the
secondary window (transient window or dialog box) within the client
family. The arguments to this function are mutually exclusive.
The client argument indicates the name or class of a client to lower.
If the client is not specified, the context that the function was
invoked in indicates the window or icon to lower.
Specifying within raises the secondary window within the family but
does not raise the client family in the global window stack.
Specifying freeFamily raises the window to the top of its local family
stack and raises the family to the top of the global window stack.
f.raise_lower [within | freeFamily]
This function raises a primary window to the top of the global window
stack if it is partially obscured by another window; otherwise, it
lowers the window to the bottom of the window stack. The arguments to
this function are mutually exclusive.
Specifying within raises a secondary window within the family (staying
above the parent window), if it is partially obscured by another window
in the application's family; otherwise, it lowers the window to the
bottom of the family stack. It has no effect on the global window
stacking order.
Specifying freeFamily raises the window to the top of its local family
stack, if obscured by another window, and raises the family to the top
of the global window stack; otherwise, it lowers the window to the
bottom of its local family stack and lowers the family to the bottom of
the global window stack.
f.refresh
This function causes all windows to be redrawn.
f.refresh_win
This function causes a client window to be redrawn.
f.resize
This function causes a client window to be interactively resized.
f.restore
This function restores the previous state of an icon's associated
window. If a maximized window is iconified, then f.restore restores it
to its maximized state. If a normal window is iconified, then
f.restore restores it to its normalized state.
f.restore_and_raise
This function restores the previous state of an icon's associated
window and raises the window to the top of the window stack. If a
maximized window is iconified, then f.restore_and_raise restores it to
its maximized state and raises it to the top of the window stack. If a
normal window is iconified, then f.restore_and_raise restores it to its
normalized state and raises it to the top of the window stack.
f.restart
This function causes mwm to be restarted (effectively terminated and
re-executed).
f.screen [next | prev | back screen_number]
This function causes the pointer to be warp to a specific screen number
or to the next, previous, or last visited (back) screen. The arguments
to this function are mutually exclusive.
The screen_number argument indicates the screen number that the pointer
is to be warped. Screens are numbered starting from screen 0.
Specifying next cause the pointer to warp to the next managed screen
(skipping over any unmanaged screens).
Specifying prev cause the pointer to warp to the previous managed
screen (skipping over any unmanaged screens).
Specifying back cause the pointer to warp to the last visited screen.
f.send_msg message_number
This function sends a client message of the type _MOTIF_WM_MESSAGES
with the message_type indicated by the message_number function
argument. The client message is sent only if message_number is included
in the client's _MOTIF_WM_MESSAGES property. A menu item label is
grayed out if the menu item is used to do f.send_msg of a message that
is not included in the client's _MOTIF_WM_MESSAGES property.
f.separator
This function causes a menu separator to be put in the menu pane at the
specified location (the label is ignored).
f.set_behavior
This function causes the window manager to restart with the default
behavior (if a custom behavior is configured) or revert to the custom
behavior. By default this is bound to Shift Ctrl Meta <Key>!.
f.title
This function inserts a title in the menu pane at the specified
location.
Each function may be constrained as to which resource types can specify the
function (for example, menu pane) and also what context the function can be
used in (for example, the function is done to the selected client window).
Function contexts are:
root
No client window or icon has been selected as an object for the
function.
window
A client window has been selected as an object for the function. This
includes the window's title bar and frame. Some functions are applied
only when the window is in its normalized state (for example,
f.maximize) or its maximized state (for example, f.normalize).
icon
An icon has been selected as an object for the function.
If a function's context has been specified as icon|window and the function
is invoked in an icon box, the function applies to the icon box, not to the
icons inside.
If a function is specified in a type of resource where it is not supported
or is invoked in a context that does not apply, the function is treated as
f.nop. The following table indicates the resource types and function
contexts in which window manager functions apply.
_________________________________________________________________________
Function Contexts Resources
_________________________________________________________________________
f.beep root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.circle_down root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.circle_up root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.exec root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.focus_color root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.focus_key root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.kill icon, window button, key, menu
f.lower icon, window button, key, menu
f.maximize icon, window(normal) button, key, menu
f.menu root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.minimize window button, key, menu
f.move icon, window button, key, menu
f.next_cmap root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.next_key root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.nop root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.normalize icon, window(maximized) button, key, menu
f.normalize_and_raise icon, window button, key, menu
f.pack_icons root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.pass_keys root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.post_wmenu root, icon, window button, key
f.prev_cmap root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.prev_key root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.quit_mwm root, icon, window
button, key, menu (root
only)
f.raise icon, window button, key, menu
f.raise_lower icon, window button, key, menu
f.refresh root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.refresh_win window button, key, menu
f.resize window button, key, menu
f.restore icon, window button, key, menu
f.restore_and_raise icon, window button, key, menu
f.restart root, icon, window
button, key, menu (root
only)
f.screen root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.send_msg icon, window button, key, menu
f.separator root, icon, window menu
f.set_behavior root, icon, window button, key, menu
f.title root, icon, window menu
_________________________________________________________________________
Window Manager Event Specification
Events are indicated as part of the specifications for button and key-
binding sets, and menu panes.
Button events have the following syntax:
button =@[modifier_list]<button_event_name>
modifier_list =@modifier_name {modifier_name}
All modifiers specified are interpreted as being exclusive (this means that
only the specified modifiers can be present when the button event occurs).
The following table indicates the values that can be used for
modifier_name. The [Alt] key is frequently labeled [Extend] or [Meta]. Alt
and Meta can be used interchangeably in event specification.
_______________________
Modifier Description
_______________________
Ctrl Control Key
Shift Shift Key
Alt Alt/Meta Key
Meta Meta/Alt Key
Lock Lock Key
Mod1 Modifier1
Mod2 Modifier2
Mod3 Modifier3
Mod4 Modifier4
Mod5 Modifier5
_______________________
The following table indicates the values that can be used for
button_event_name.
_______________________________________
Button Description
_______________________________________
Btn1Down Button 1 Press
Btn1Up Button 1 Release
Btn1Click Button 1 Press and Release
Btn1Click2 Button 1 Double-Click
Btn2Down Button 2 Press
Btn2Up Button 2 Release
Btn2Click Button 2 Press and Release
Btn2Click2 Button 2 Double-Click
Btn3Down Button 3 Press
Btn3Up Button 3 Release
Btn3Click Button 3 Press and Release
Btn3Click2 Button 3 Double-Click
Btn4Down Button 4 Press
Btn4Up Button 4 Release
Btn4Click Button 4 Press and Release
Btn4Click2 Button 4 Double-Click
Btn5Down Button 5 Press
Btn5Up Button 5 Release
Btn5Click Button 5 Press and Release
Btn5Click2 Button 5 Double-Click
_______________________________________
Key events that are used by the window manager for menu mnemonics and for
binding to window manager functions are single key presses; key releases
are ignored. Key events have the following syntax:
key =@[modifier_list]<Key>key_name
modifier_list =@modifier_name {modifier_name}
All modifiers specified are interpreted as being exclusive (this means that
only the specified modifiers can be present when the key event occurs).
Modifiers for keys are the same as those that apply to buttons. The
key_name is an X11 keysym name. Keysym names can be found in the
keysymdef.h file (remove the XK_ prefix).
Button Bindings
The buttonBindings resource value is the name of a set of button bindings
that are used to configure window manager behavior. A window manager
function can be done when a button press occurs with the pointer over a
framed client window, an icon, or the root window. The context for
indicating where the button press applies is also the context for invoking
the window manager function when the button press is done (significant for
functions that are context sensitive).
The button binding syntax is:
Buttons bindings_set_name
{
button context function
button context function
.
.
button context function
}
The syntax for the context specification is:
context = object[ | context]
object = root | icon | window | title | frame | border | app
The context specification indicates where the pointer must be for the
button binding to be effective. For example, a context of window indicates
that the pointer must be over a client window or window management frame
for the button binding to be effective. The frame context is for the window
management frame around a client window (including the border and
titlebar), the border context is for the border part of the window
management frame (not including the titlebar), the title context is for the
title area of the window management frame, and the app context is for the
application window (not including the window management frame).
If an f.nop function is specified for a button binding, the button binding
is not done.
Key Bindings
The keyBindings resource value is the name of a set of key bindings that
are used to configure window manager behavior. A window manager function
can be done when a particular key is pressed. The context in which the key
binding applies is indicated in the key binding specification. The valid
contexts are the same as those that apply to button bindings.
The key binding syntax is:
Keys bindings_set_name
{ key context function
key context function
.
.
key context function
}
If an f.nop function is specified for a key binding, the key binding is not
done. If an f.post_wmenu or f.menu function is bound to a key, mwm will
automatically use the same key for removing the menu from the screen after
it has been popped up.
The context specification syntax is the same as for button bindings. For
key bindings, the frame, title, border, and app contexts are equivalent to
the window context. The context for a key event is the window or icon that
has the keyboard input focus (root if no window or icon has the keyboard
input focus).
Menu Panes
Menus can be popped up using the f.post_wmenu and f.menu window manager
functions. The context for window manager functions that are done from a
menu is root, icon or window depending on how the menu was popped up. In
the case of the window menu or menus popped up with a key binding, the
location of the keyboard input focus indicates the context. For menus
popped up using a button binding, the context of the button binding is the
context of the menu.
The menu pane specification syntax is:
Menu menu_name
{ label [mnemonic] [accelerator] function
label [mnemonic] [accelerator] function
.
.
label [mnemonic] [accelerator] function
}
Each line in the Menu specification identifies the label for a menu item
and the function to be done if the menu item is selected. Optionally a menu
button mnemonic and a menu button keyboard accelerator may be specified.
Mnemonics are functional only when the menu is posted and keyboard
traversal applies.
The label may be a string or a bitmap file. The label specification has
the following syntax:
label = text | bitmap_file
bitmap_file =
text = quoted item | unquoted item
The string encoding for labels must be compatible with the menu font that
is used. Labels are greyed out for menu items that do the f.nop function or
an invalid function or a function that doesn't apply in the current
context.
A mnemonic specification has the following syntax:
mnemonic = _character
The first matching character in the label is underlined. If there is no
matching character in the label, no mnemonic is registered with the window
manager for that label. Although the character must exactly match a
character in the label, the mnemonic does not execute if any modifier (such
as Shift) is pressed with the character key.
The accelerator specification is a key event specification with the same
syntax as is used for key bindings to window manager functions.
Environment
mwm uses the environment variable HOME specifying the user's home
directory.
mwm uses the environment variable LANG specifying the user's choice of
language for the mwm message catalog and the mwm resource description file.
mwm uses the environment variables XFILESEARCHPATH, XUSERFILESEARCHPATH,
XAPPLRESDIR, XENVIRONMENT, LANG, and HOME in determining search paths for
resource defaults files. mwm may also use XBMLANGPATH to search for bitmap
files.
mwm reads the $HOME/.motifbind file if it exists to install a virtual key
bindings property on the root window. For more information on the content
of the .motifbind file, see VirtualBindings(3X).
mwm uses the environment variable MWMSHELL (or SHELL, if MWMSHELL is not
set), specifying the shell to use when executing commands via the f.exec
function.
FILES
/usr/lib/X11/$LANG/system.mwmrc
/usr/lib/X11/system.mwmrc
/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Mwm
$HOME/Mwm
$HOME/.Xdefaults
$HOME/$LANG/.mwmrc
$HOME/.mwmrc
$HOME/.motifbind
SEE ALSO
VendorShell(3X), VirtualBindings(3X), X(1X), XmInstallImage(3X)
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